RNA - GVI.cz
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MOLECULAR GENETICS - RNA
Výukový materiál GE 02 - 46
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014
RNA
a necessary component of protein
synthesis (= synthesis of proteins)
synthesis of proteins = protein synthesis :
fundamental process, by which the
information from DNA is transferred into a
particular sign
polynucleotide chain
RNA
three types of RNA:
1) m RNA messenger mediator
linear
synthesis in the cell nucleus
enzyme RNA – polymerase
the triplet of nucleotides after each
other following on mRNA is called
codon
RNA
the nitrogen base is bound on the
ribosome carbon in position1,
different from DNA because of the
occurance of uracil instead of thymine
remaining bases (adenine, cytosine,
guanine) are identical on both nucleic
acids
RNA
RNA very various:
mono helix and linear molecules
also double helix structures > t RNA
3 types of RNA:
m RNA
t RNA
r RNA
RNA
1) m RNA messenger mediator
information
it develops by the transcription from DNA
(enzyme RNA – polymerase)
hundreds to thousands of nucleotides
linear
synthesis of m RNA in the cell nucleus
a triplet of nucleotides following behind each
other placed on mRNA is called codon
RNA
2) t RNA transfer
complicated structure
short – 74 až 95
nucleotides
the cord creates 4
arms
secondary structure
- it reminds a
shamrock trefoil
RNA
particular arms
attach to each
other => they make
up a more complex
space formation –
so called tertiary
structure
RNA
AMA bind on the
acceptor arm
anticodon arm it
contains a triplet of
nucleotides =
anticodon
each anticodon in
tRNA is
complementary to the
particular triplet of
nucleotides in mRNA
– to the codon
RNA
3) rRNA ribosomal
contained in ribosomes
translation proceeds on
ribosomes
genetic information transcribed
from DNA into mRNA determines
the order of amino acids in the
protein chain
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
REVISION
Which picture depicts the tertiary structure of tRNA ?
SOURCES
KOČÁREK, Eduard. Genetika: obecná genetika a cytogenetika, molekulární biologie,
biotechnologie, genomika. 2. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2008, 211 s. ISBN 978-80-8696036-4.