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Matter & Bonding Carbs Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 All matter occupies ______ and has ______? All matter occupies space & has mass The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is A carbon atom What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding? Ionic bonds: electrons are exchanged or donated between atoms Covalent bonds: electrons are shared between atoms All organic compounds contain what element? Carbon Carbon has 4 valance electrons. Why is it more stable when it forms a compound? It obtains 4 more electrons and the outer orbital filled. -satisfies the octet rule! What is the monomer for carbohydrates? Monosaccharide What is an example of a sugar “type” carbohydrate? Glucose, sucrose, fructose… What is the structure of a carbohydrate? Basic ring structure What is a function of carbohydrates? Source of energy and structural material Give 2 unique features associated with carbon -has 4 electrons in its outermost orbital -can from single, double, or triple bonds with other atoms -readily bonds with other carbon atoms What is the monomer for proteins? Amino acids What part of the an amino acid structure varies to create different proteins? The R group What is a function of proteins? Enzymes, build muscle, skin, and hair Enzymes help to accelerate chemical reactions, so they are also called Biological catalysts An organism may have thousands of different enzymes, without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the body would Occur too slowly to support life processes What is the monomer for lipids? Fatty acids What is a function of lipids? Store energy and protection All of the following are examples of lipids except what? -saturated fats -cholesterol -starch -earwax Starch Saturated fatty acids contain what kind of bonds? Single Bonds Why are lipids able to store more energy than other organic molecules? Lipids contain more C-C and C-H bonds What is the monomer for nucleic acids? Nucleotide What is a function of nucleic acids? To store and transfer information What are 2 examples of nucleic acids? DNA & RNA What are the six most common elements in living things? NCHOPS Name the process that builds polymers and macromolecules and releases a water molecule. Also name the opposite reaction. -Dehydration -Hydrolysis is the opposite reaction. It uses water molecules to break apart polymers or macromolecules.