Transcript Renaissance - Cherokee County Schools

Renaissance
1300-1600
Renaissance
Literally means “Rebirth”
 A revival of art and learning
 Wanted to bring back to life the culture of
Classical Greece and Rome
 Life is seen more with self-respect. It
begins to be seen more than a pit-stop on
the way to heaven
 Italy: birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy’s Advantages
Started in northern Italy
 Crusades spur trade
 Scholars move to Rome after fall of
Constantinople in 1453

– Artists, scholars study ruins of Rome and
Latin; Greek manuscripts
Growth of city-states in northern Italy
 In 1300s bubonic plague kills 60% of
population and disrupts economy

Merchants and the Medici
A wealthy merchant class develops
 More emphasis on individual achievement
 Banking family, the Medici, controls
Florence

Classics Lead to Humanism
Intellectual movement focused on people
and their achievements
 Humanists studied classical texts, history,
literature, philosophy
 Moved away from trying to make
everything agree to Christian teaching
 Ex: art and literature were valued and
encouraged

Secularism
Concerned with the here and now
 Renaissance society was secular - worldly
 Ex: some church leaders lived in mansions
and wore expensive clothes
 Enjoy life without offending God
 Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes

Patron
A financial supporter
of artists
 Church leaders spend
money on artworks to
beautify cities
 Wealthy merchants
also patrons

– The wealthy Medici
family in Florence,
Italy is a prime
example
Florence Under the Medici
Medici Chapel
The Medici Palace
The Renaissance Man
Excels in many
fields; the classics,
art, politics,
combat
 Baldassare
Castigilone’s The
Courtier (1528)

– Teaches how to
become a
“universal person”
The Renaissance Woman
Upper-class,
educated in
classics, charming
 Expected to inspire
art but not create
it
 Isabella d-Este,
patron of artists,
wields power in
Mantua

The Renaissance Revolutionizes
Art
Artists use realistic
style copied from
classical art, often
to portray religious
subjects
 Painters use
perspective

– A way to show
three dimensions
on a canvas
Perspective
The Trinity
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
First use
of linear
perspective!
What you are,
I once was;
what I am,
you will
become.
Geometrical Arrangement of
Figures
 The Dreyfus
Madonna
with the
Pomegranate
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1469
 The figure as
architecture!
Realistic Painting and Sculpture
Realistic portraits
of prominent
citizens
 Sculpture shows
natural postures
and expressions
 The biblical David
is a favorite subject
among sculptors

Ancient Greece and Rome
Middle Ages
Leonardo Da Vinci
The true Renaissance
man
 architect, anatomist,
sculptor, engineer,
inventor, biologist,
mathematician,
musician, and painter
 1452 to 1519
 Famous for realistic
paintings

– Mona Lisa
– The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Last Supper
Sketches
Michelangelo
1475-1564
 Painter, sculptor,
architect, and poet
 saw art as originating
from inner inspiration
and from culture

Sistine Chapel
David
Pieta
Last Judgment
The Virgin on the Rocks
Raphael
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1483 to 1520
he studied the work
of Leonardo da Vinci
and Michelangelo
Focus is in realistic art
Famous for his use of
perspective
Famous subject is
Madonna and child
Famous painting is
the School of Athens
School of Athens
Marriage of the Virgin
Vanishing
point
Horizon
Donatello
Painter and sculptor
 Around 1430, Cosimo
de' Medici, the
foremost art patron of
his era, commissioned
from Donatello the
bronze David for the
court of his Palazzo
Medici.
 Donatello's most
famous work.

If You Missed It
Heroes in a Half Shell…. TURTLE POWER!
(Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael)
Machiavelli
Wrote “The Prince”
 Wrote in the
vernacular
 Leader must be as
strong as a lion and
as shrewd as a fox
 Leaders must
sometimes mislead
people for the good
of the state

One is considered Machiavellian
if they use deceitful action for
one’s own advantage
What do you think of the quote
“the end justifies the means”
New Trends in Writing
Writers use the vernacular – their native
language
 Self-expression or to portray the
individuality of their subject

Petrarch

Francesco Petrach
– Humanist
– Poet
 Woman named Laura is
his muse
Renaissance Ideas Spread
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Spirit of Renaissance Italy impress visitors from northern
Europe
When Hundred Years’ War ends (1453), cities grow
rapidly
Merchants in northern cities grow wealthy and sponsor
artists
England and France unify under strong monarchs who
are art patrons
Northern Renaissance artists interested in realism
Humanists interested in social reform based on JudeoChristian values
Christian Humanism

Advocated the study of classical languages
in order to better understand what the
classical authors truly intended the
scriptures to say
– Northern Humanists criticize the Catholic
church, start Christian Humanism
– Want to reform society and promote
education, particularly for women

Thomas More and Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus of Holland
Best known Christian
Humanist
 His book, The Praise
of Folly, pokes fun at
merchants and priests

Thomas More of England
Christian Humanist
 Created a model
society in his book

Utopia
Jan Van Eyck
Born in Belgium
 1385 to 1441
 Famous for his oil
paintings and focus
on daily life of
subjects
 Paintings are realistic
and reveal a subject’s
personality

Madonna of
Chancellor
Rolin
Peasant Wedding
The Elizabethan Age
Renaissance spreads
to England in mid1500s
 Period known as the
Elizabethan Age after
Queen Elizabeth I
 She reigns from 1558
to 1603

Shakespeare- the greatest writer
Often regarded as the
greatest playwright
 Wrote Hamlet, Macbeth,
Othello, and Taming of

the Shrew
Also wrote countless
poetry
 1554 to 1615 in England
 Plays performed at Globe
Theater in London

Gutenberg Press

Around 1045 Bi Sheng of
China invented movable
type
– Uses a separate piece of
type for each character
Around 1440 Johann
Gutenberg of Germany
develops printing press.
 Printing press allows for
quick, cheap book
production.

Gutenberg Press
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Books now could become
cheap enough to produce
hundreds of copies
European society
experienced a huge growth
in literacy
Considered one of the most
important inventions in
human history
First book printed was
Gutenberg Bible (1455)
Legacy of Renaissance

Changes in the Arts
– Art influenced by classical Greece and Rome
– Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals
and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways
– Artists created secular and religious works
– Writers began using the vernacular
– Arts praised individual achievement
Legacy of Renaissance

Changes in Society
– Printing made more information available (like the internet in
our times)
 Illiterate people benefit by having books read to them
– People began to question political structures and religious
practices
– Published accounts of maps and charts lead to more
discoveries
– A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire
for learning and arise in literacy throughout Europe
– Published legal proceedings make rights clearer to people
– Christian humanists’ attempt to reform society changed
views about how life should be lived.