Transcript Nutrition and Digestion

Nutrition and Digestion
Companion Animals
Chapter 6
Nutrition
• Intake of a properly balanced diet so
animals will grow, maintain, reproduce and
supply or produce.
• Work
• Egg, Milk, Meat Production
• Offspring (purebreds)
• Fur, Pelts
• Championship
Nutrient
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Single food group with the same general
chemical composition that supports life
Body does not function without proper amountspets will suffer without proper diet!
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Basic Nutrients
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6.
Water
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
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Contained in every cell in the body!
55-65% of animal body is made up of water
90% of blood is water
72-78% of muscle is water
Water
• Necessary for:
• Biochemical reactions in the body
• Respiration, digestion etc.
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Transport of other nutrients
Maintains body temperature
Give body form/shape
Carry waste from body
What happens if water is lost?
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Loss of water from blood
Failure of proper circulation
Decrease Oxygen carrying capacity
Tissues become dehydrated
Body becomes overheated
Basically:
• Cells are starved of oxygen
• Slows regular body functions
• Resistance to disease decreases
How is water absorbed?
• Water is absorbed through the walls of the
stomach
• Helps medicine absorption to the bloodstream
• Bacteria that can cause disease or illness
Proteins
• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
and Nitrogen
• Protein in feeds are broken down into amino
acids during digestion
• AA are then transported by blood to the rest of
the body
Protein
• Necessary for:
• Repair and development of body organs and
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tissues, muscles, nerves, skin, hair, hooves, and
feathers
Production of milk, meat, eggs
Development of fetus
Generation of hormones
Development of antibodies (defense)
Amino Acids
• Building blocks of protein
• 25 types found in feeds- 2 categories
• Essential
• Cannot be produced by body, must be supplied
– 10-11 AA
• Nonessential
• Not needed in diet- body can manufacture
• Animals require various amounts of AA depending
on life stage
Carbohydrates
• Contain C, H, O
• Necessary for:
• Bodily functions
• Breathing, digestion, exercise
• Production of heat to warm body
• Storage of energy
• Made up of sugars, starches and fiber
Fats
• Made up of CHO- in different combinations
• Contain 2.25 times as much energy as the
same amount of CHO or protein
• Necessary for:
• Energy
• Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
• Source of fatty acids- essential in animal diets
• Most animals require less than 3% in diet
Vitamins!
• Organic substances required in very small
amounts
Vitamins!
• Necessary for:
• Regulation of digestion, absorption and metabolism
• Development of normal vision, bone, external
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coverings (hair, feathers)
Regulation of body glands
Formation of new cells
Protection against disease
Development of nervous systems
Classification of Vitamins
• Based on solubility
• Fat-soluble
• Can be stored and accumulated in the liver or other
fatty tissue
• A, D, E, & K
• Water- soluble
• Limited amounts can be stored anywhere in the
body
• C, B1, B2, Niacin, Folic Acid
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin A
• Prevents poor vision
• Carotene converts to
• Vitamin D
• “Sun vita”
• Aids in Ca and P
absorption
• Dairy products
• Vitamin E
• “Reproduction Vita”
• Prevents abortions,
miscarriages, and low
fertility
• Required in many
animals for proper
gestation and sterility
• Vitamin K
• Blood coagulation!!
Water Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin C
• Naturally produced in
digestive system
• Monkeys and Guinea pigs
need extra to prevent scurvy
• Vitamin B1 “Thiamin”
• Decrease appetite, weak
muscles, paralysis
• Source- whole grains
• Vitamin B2
“Riboflavin”
• Poor hatchability,
crippled young, eye
problems in rabbits
• Sources: Quality hay,
green forages
Water Soluble Vitamins
• Niacin
• Digestive disorders and
stunted growth
• Supplementation
sometimes required
• Folic Acid
• “pregnancy”
• Required for normal
cell development
• Most formulated feeds
good source
Minerals
• Essential to support the animal, but do not
contribute to tissue development
• Main function
• Build skeleton
• Produce enzymes and hormones
• Classification of minerals
• Macro-mineral
• Micro-mineral
Minerals
• Macro-mineral
• Micro-mineral
• Needed in the largest
• Needed in trace
quantity
• Most likely to be lacking in
diet
• Generally must be added
• Examples
• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Potassium
• Salt (Sodium/chloride)
amounts and can be
found in diet
• Examples
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Selenium
Iron
Cobalt
Iodine
Zinc
Manganese