Transcript Chapter 8- Food and Nutrition _sec 2

CHAPTER 8- FOOD AND
NUTRITION (SEC 2 & 3)
OBJECTIVE
Students will be able to differentiate between
types of nutrients and explain how they impact a
healthy diet.
WARM- UP TO VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND
WATER
 James Lind- 1700’s
 Brainstorm with the person next to you to come up with a
list of 5-10 things you already know (or think you know)
about vitamins and minerals ( types, what they do for your
body, why they’re important) there are no wrong answers!
We will correct any wrong information.
WHAT ARE VITAMINS?
 Nutrients that are made by living things, they do not
provide you with energy or aid in the make up of cells.
 They play a role in various chemical reactions in the body (
Example: Vitamin K helps your blood clot).
 Your body can make some vitamins (vitamin d), others are
supplied in food.
 There are two different classes of vitamins ( fat- soluble,
and water soluble)
FAT- SOLUBLE VITAMINS
 Vitamins A, D, E, K are fat soluble and can be stored by the
body.
 The absorption of fat soluble vitamins is enhanced by
dietary fat, extra vitamins (A,D) are often added to food
prepared with fat substitutes so they can be better
absorbed.
 Vitamin poisioning
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN CHART
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
 Vitamins B (1,2,3,6,12), Pantothenic acid, Folic acid, Biotin, C. Mostly found in fruits and vegetables.
 Cannot be stored in the body, it is important to eat foods that supply them EVERYDAY. Excess water
soluble vitamins are eliminated in urine.
 Pantothenic Acid and Biotin and biotin allow your body to obtain energy from the macronutrients
carbohydrates, protein and fat.Your body also uses pantothenic acid to produce hormones and
cholesterol.
 Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme, which means it helps chemical reactions take place. It plays a vital role in
the creation of nonessential amino acids and helps your body break down glycogen, which is the storage
form of the simple sugar glucose. Vitamin B6 also helps your body metabolize carbohydrates, protein and
fat and keeps your immune system and nervous system healthy.
 Vitamin B12 keeps your nervous system functioning properly and your red blood cells healthy. Your body
also needs vitamin B12 to metabolize fatty acids and amino acids and to synthesize the DNA in your cells.
 Vitamin C Your body needs vitamin C to make collagen, the most plentiful protein in your body. Collagen
helps keep your bones, skin, teeth and blood vessels healthy. Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant,
helping to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Contrary to
popular belief, vitamin C does not help cure the common cold, but it does keep your immune system
healthy.
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS CONTD.
 Folate Your body needs folate to create DNA. Because of this, folate plays an extremely
important role in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy. Folate also helps
maintain the health of your red blood cells.
 Thiamine The first B vitamin that researchers discovered, thiamine plays a vital role in the
transmission of nerve impulses by keeping your nerves healthy. Thiamine also allows your
body to break down alcohol and metabolize carbohydrates and amino acids.
 Riboflavin Like many other B vitamins, riboflavin helps your body metabolize
carbohydrates, protein and fats. Riboflavin also protects the health of your body’s cells
and enhances the function of some of the other B vitamins, niacin and vitamin B12.
 Niacin Niacin protects the health of your skin cells and keeps your digestive system
functioning properly. Niacin may also help your body metabolize fat. In large amounts,
niacin can help lower LDL and triglyceride levels, while raising HDL, or good cholesterol,
levels. You should not take niacin in high doses without your doctor's recommendation.
MINERALS
 Nutrients that occur in rock and soil, they are only required in small amounts.
 24 different minerals have been shown to be essential for good health, 7 are
needed in significant amounts; calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium,
phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur. Others are only needed in trace amounts.
 Minerals perform a wide variety of functions. (next slide)
MINERAL FUNCTIONS AND SOURCES
WATER
 Everyday you need at least 10 8oz cups of water (female) 14 cups
(male)
 Fruits & Veggies, juices contain water
 Typically drinks that contain caffeine are NOT a good
source of water.
 Water helps humans maintain HOMEOSTASIS; the process of
maintaining a steady stat inside your body.
 Water regulates body temp (sweat)
 contains electrolytes that regulate processes in the cell
(i.e. sodium/potassium)
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
 Your book on pages 203, 205, 207 have charts listing the
sources and functions of vitamins/minerals. Using these
charts as a reference Answer the following questions on a
separate piece of paper.
 Analyze your intake of different vitamins and minerals based on
the examples shown on the chart (water soluble, fat soluble, and
minerals).
 Which vitamins and minerals would you suspect your lacking and
why?
 Which vitamins or minerals do you think you successfully
incorporate into your diet? explain