Transcript My Cells PP
1. Grow and Reproduce 2. Digest Nutrients 3. Excrete Waste 4. Respond to Stimuli 5. Ability to adapt to the environment 6. Move Cells are the basic units of living organisms. 1. All living things are composed of cells – Basic units of living things 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells • Macromolecules – 1. Carbohydrates • C, H, O atoms • Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides – 2. Lipids (C, H, O) • Nonpolar – hydrophobic – 3. Proteins (+N) • Amino acids, dipeptides • Polypeptides – 4. Nucleic acids • Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base) 1. Carbohydrates – Cell recognition; Energy (Starches); Plant Structure (Cellulose); Glycogen (Glucose stored in the liver) 2. Lipids – – Neutral Fats (Saturated, Unsaturated, etc.); Phospholipids (Cell Membrane); Wax (Cerumen) Cholesterol (Cell Membrane); Hormones (Steroid) 3. Proteins – Transport in Cells; Enzymes; Hormones; Antibodies; Hemoblobin in blood; Muscle contractile proteins 4. Nucleic Acids – Chromosomes and Genes (Inheritance) – DNA; RNA (Protein Synthesis) • Prokaryotic – No nucleus; no membrane organelles – Bacteria • Eukaryotic – True Nucleus; membrane-bound organelles – Animals and Plants 1. Basic Parts 2. Organelles 3. Role of the Nucleus 1. Similarities to Animal Cells 2. Major Differences 3. Some Important Vocabulary • Plasmolysis • Turgid • Flaccid • 1. Structure – Phospholipid bilayer with membrane proteins – Polar heads (hydrophilic); Nonpolar tails (hydrophobic) • 2. Selectively Permeable 1. Passive – Osmosis vs. diffusion – Materials transported – Facilitated Diffusion vs. Diffusion 2. Active – ATP Energy required 1. Endocytosis – – – Outside to inside Larger particles; liquids ‘Importing’ 2. Exocytosis – Inside to outside – ‘Exporting’ – What type of things does the cell need to get rid of? To Export for the benefit of other cells/tissues? 1. Body Cells (Somatic) vs. Sex Cells (Gametes) – Body Cells – 46 chromosomes; Gametes – 23 chromosomes; “diploid or 2n” 2. Mitosis vs. Meiosis – Mitosis: 2n -------- 2n – Meiosis: 2n ------ n (haploid) 1. DNA contains genetic information inside the chromosomes. 2. Expression of genetic information 3. Production of Proteins – Protein Synthesis; Phenotypical Traits, etc.