Transcript Art, Literature, Music on the AP Exam

Art, Literature, Music on the AP Exam
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Well known pieces
Well known artists
Notable eras, movements
Need to recognize names of artists and the
movements with which they are associated
• Need to be able to place works of art in proper
historical and/or artistic context
• Need to understand the progressive nature and
related aspects of major movements
MC Q’s: Art, Music, Literature
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Will NOT ask you to simply identify
Will ask you to identify and place in context
Will ask you to identify by period or movement
Will ask you to relate to event, trend, era
Will ask you to analyze content and apply across
and/or through time
• May also be cartoons, photographs, illustrations
The painting below, the “Gare Saint-Lazare” (1877)
by Claude Monet is an example of which of the
following schools of painting?
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A. Abstract
B. Surrealism
C. Cubist
D. Impressionist
E. Baroque
The sculpture by Bernini shown below celebrates…
• A. a new interest in secular
themes
• B. Lutheran veneration of
saints
• C. the Calvinist cult of beauty
• D. the reconciliation of the
papacy after The Council of
Trent
• E. Catholic Reformation
mysticism
ESSAYS: Art, Music, Literature
• For DBQ: A series of paintings, illustrations,
excerpts that you will have to analyze the
subject, content, context and apply to larger
question in history.
• Ex: Test 1 AP Review guide
• For Free Response Essay, more than likely a
comparative analysis question
The two pictures below suggest
technological and urban transformations
characteristic of modern Europe. Using
the pictures as a starting point, discuss
the extent the changes and their effects
on working middle class Europeans in the
second half of the 19th century.
Compare and contrast the
ways in which the two
works of art express the
artistic styles and political
issues of their times
Compare the ways in which the two works of art below
express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their
time.
David, Michelangelo, 1504
MAN POINTING,
GIACOMETTI 1947
Major European Art movements
• Gothic
• Renaissance
-- Italian
-- Northern
• Baroque
• Rococo
• Neo-classicism and Romanticism
• Realism
• Impressionism
• Cubism
• Expressionism / Surrealism / Abstract
Expressionism / Pop Art
Gothic
• 5th – 16th century Europe
• Religious themes dominate
• Fades in 15th & 16th century with rise of
Renaissance themes
• 18th century revival is short lived
The Renaissance – 14th -17th centuries throughout Europe
• Techniques developed, adopted, refined:
-- Realism and expressionism
-- Perspective
-- Light and Shadowing
- Classicism
- Application of Mathematical principles
• Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, et al are
revolutionized
• All modern artistic styles are a by-product
• Not revolutionized in such a way again until the
Impressionists
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Realism & Expression
Expulsion from
the Garden
Masaccio, 1427
First nudes since
classical times.
Perspective
First use
of linear
perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
vertical
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
horizontal
Perspective!
Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
Chiaroscuro
Classicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism & Humanism.
Individualism  free
standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
The Dreyfus
Madonna with
the Pomegranate
Leonardo da Vinci,
1469
The figure as
architecture!
Italian Renaissance major figures
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Giotto (1267-1337) A “Bridge” figure
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)
Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Piero della Francesca(1452-1519)
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1520)
Titian (1485-1576)
Madonna and
Child
Giotto c. 1320
Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise
Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
Madonna with the
Yarnwinder
Leonardo da Vinci
c.1500
The School of Athens – Raphael
Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1558
Northern Renaissance major figures
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Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1510)
Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569)
Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
Hans Holbein (1497-1543)
Jan van Eyck (1400?- 1441)
El Greco (Spanish) (1541-1614)
Hieronymus
Bosch
The
Temptation
of St.
Anthony
1506-1507
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading
the Blind, 1568
Albrecht Dürer
• The greatest of German
artists.
• A scholar as well as an artist.
• His patron was the Emperor
Maximilian I.
• Also a scientist
– Wrote books on
geometry, fortifications,
and human proportions.
• Self-conscious individualism
of the Renaissance is seen in
his portraits.
•  Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Hans Holbein, the Younger
• One of the great German artists
who did most of his work in
England.
• While in Basel, he befriended
Erasmus.
– Erasmus Writing, 1523 
• Henry VIII was his patron from
1536.
• Great portraitist noted for:
– Objectivity & detachment.
– Doesn’t conceal the
weaknesses of his subjects.
Artist to the Tudors
Henry VIII (left), 1540
and the future Edward VI
(above), 1543.
Jan van Eyck
• The Virgin and
Chancellor Rolin,
1435.
• More courtly and
aristocratic work.
– Court painter to the
Duke of Burgundy,
Philip the Good.
Giovanni Arnolfini
and His Wife
(Wedding Portrait)
Jan Van Eyck,1434
Jan van Eyck Giovanni
Arnolfini & His Wife
(details)
El Greco
• The most important Spanish artist of this period was
Greek.
• 1541 – 1614.
• He deliberately distorts & elongates his figures, and
seats them in a lurid, unearthly atmosphere.
• He uses an agitated, flickering light.
• He ignores the rules of perspective, and heightens the
effect by areas of brilliant color.
• His works were a fitting expression of the Spanish
Counter-Reformation.
El Greco’s, The
Burial of Count
Orgaz, 1586
El Greco
The View
of Toledo
1597-1599
Art of the Baroque
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17th and 18th century
Supersedes Mannerism of the Renaissance
Origins in Catholic Rome
Religious themes still dominate
Largely rejected in protestant areas of Europe
Strongly advocated pictorial clarity
Baroque
► 1600
– 1750.
►From a Portuguese word “barocca”,
meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”
►Implies strangeness, irregularity, and
extravagance.
►The more dramatic, the better!
Baroque Style of Art & Architecture
► Dramatic, emotional.
► Colors were brighter than bright; darks
were darker than dark.
► Counter-Reformation art.
► Paintings & sculptures
in church contexts
should speak to the illiterate rather than to
the well-informed.
► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.
► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the
primary subjects.
Major figures of the Baroque
• Caravaggio – Italian 1572-1610, painter
• Gianlorenzo Bernini – Italian 1598-1680,
painter, sculptor, architect, extremely pious,
papal knight at age 23 serves church and
popes for rest of life
• Rembrandt van Rijn – Dutch, 1606-1669
painter (The Dutch School)
“The Flagellation
of Christ”
Caravaggio
Gianlorenzo
Bernini
Baldachin over the
High Altar of
St. Peter's,
1624-33
Bronze and gold
(95 feet high)
Vatican, Rome
Gianlorenzo
Bernini
Tomb of
Alexander VII
1672-78
Doctor Nicolaes Tulp's Demonstration of the
Anatomy of the Arm, Rembrandt, 1632
AP FRQ
Masters of the Cloth Guild
Rembrandt, 1662
Baroque Furniture
A Baroque Room