Transcript Milk replacers Committee meeting

FEFAC
Aquatic animal feeds,
challenges and opportunities
June 28th, 2011
OIE Global Conference on
Aquatic Animal Health
1
What is FEFAC?
FEFAC
FEFAC Fish Feed Committee
A short history
Autumn 2002: European Commission «Strategy for the
sustainable development of European Aquaculture» and
European Parliament Public Hearing on «Aquaculture in the
EU»
Aquaculture attracting growing attention from public and
regulators focusing on food safety and sustainability issues
At the same time:
Aquaculture regulated by some 150 Community regulations 
coordinated framework and simplified regulation needed
EU feed legislation based on land animals, not to specific needs
and conditions of the aquafeed sector
Therefore:
2003: FEFAC set up dedicated Fish Feed Committee
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FEFAC Fish Feed Committee
President: Alberto Allodi, Italy
Vice-president: Karl Tore Mæland, Norway
Task:
Identifying a common approach to address and solve sector
problems related to EU feed legislation
Strengthen relationship among stakeholders along the Aqua
value chain
Currently, around 20 members and fish feed experts from the EU
countries as well as Norway attending (2-3 annual meetings)
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The challenge ahead
 Half of the people that ever lived on the planet are alive at this
moment in time
 World population predicted to reach 9 billions by 2050
 Demand for animal proteins is set to increase towards Western
consumption levels (according to USDA figures this means 92
kg of meat, 7 kg of fish, 272 kg of dairy and 254 eggs a year)
 With our present technological abilities and taking such issues
into account as biodiversity, sustainability and climate change,
we would need four planets Earth to meet this demand!
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Food security in perspective:
the sustainability issue
”Sustainable development
is development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations
to meet their own needs."
Definition of sustainability given in the Report of the Brundtland Commission,
‘Our Common Future', published on behalf of the United Nations by Oxford
University Press, 1987.
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Aquafeeds:
challenges and opportunities
 Formulated feeds deliver high
safety standards both for
farmed fish and final consumer
(“One Health”)
 There are challenges to be
addressed, in order to secure
adequate supply of sustainable
formulated fish feeds which
can support further growth of
aquaculture
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challenge
opportunity
7
– Sustainable development –
the EATiP approach
EATiP is an international non-profit
association dedicated to
DEVELOPING, SUPPORTING and
PROMOTING aquaculture and,
especially and specifically, technology
and innovation in aquaculture in
Europe so as to:
Establish a strong relationship between
aquaculture and the consumer
Assure a sustainable aquaculture
industry
Consolidate the role of aquaculture in
society
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http://www.eatip.eu/
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– Sustainable development –
EATiP goals on fish feeds
Base formulation of Future Fish Feeds on
solid knowledge of fish nutritional
requirements, and expand the number of
well characterized and sustainable raw
materials which can be used
Advanced novel feed technologies to
produce cost effective feed with improved
quality
Understand and minimize negative
effects of alternative diets on fish health
and welfare
Adapt and utilize advanced methods to
understand and model nutritional
responses
Resolve strategic research problems in
fish nutrition
OIE Global Conference on
June 28th, 2011
Aquatic Animal Health
http://www.eatip.eu/
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– Sustainable development –
solid knowledge of fish nutritional requirements
Amino acid
Requirement (% protein)
Gilthead seabream
European seabass
Arg
<2.6
4.1
His
?
?
Ile
?
?
Leu
?
?
Lys
5.0
4.8
Met+Cys
4.0
4.4
Phe
?
?
Thr
?
2.6
Trp
0.6
0.5
Val
?
?
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
Reduction fisheries have not increased over the last 20 years;
An increased share of fish meal / oil is allocated to aquaculture;
Aquaculture is using more than 50% of fish meal and 90% of fish oil in
the world.
 New growth has to be based on fishmeal / oil replacement!
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
Potential “new” raw material sources:
Plant protein concentrates
LABPs and PAPs
GM derived-plant proteins
Algae
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
Plant protein concentrates
Soy, rape, ….
– The drive for plant oils (bio-diesel and human food), creates huge
quantities of cheap plant protein that can be upgraded
Bio-energy development leads to increased production of wheat- and
corn- gluten (being starch used for bio-ethanol production)
Plant protein concentrates have shown to be good FM replacers, but
the issue is the balance between price competitiveness and availability
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
LABPs and PAPs: the EU example
LABPs  limited possibilities for use in aqua feeds:
Non-ruminant blood products
Collagen proteins (fats)
Hydrolysed feather meal
Market acceptance still a challenge
PAPs potential availability estimated at 1.3-1.5 millions t/year in
EU  now wasted or underutilized!
Good nutritional value for farmed fish and no food safety or fish
health issues
Regulation under revision
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
Genetically modified plant
raw materials
2nd and 3rd generation GM plants on their
way into the market
• Protein- and amino acid-enriched
• ω3 fatty acid composition
• Reduced amount of anti nutritional
factors
Consumer resistance and political
obstruction mainly in Europe
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– Sustainable development –
expand the number of available raw materials
Algae
The actual source of DHA in
the marine food web
Sustainable
Traceable
Contaminants-free
Consistent product
quality
Predictable pricing
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Aquaculture as
Net Fish Protein Producer
Aquaculture not
only consumes
fish – it also
produces fish
We should use
less fish protein
in the feed than
fish protein
produced through
aquaculture!
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How far are we?
Kg salmon protein produced versus fish protein used in feed
4,00
3,50
3,00
Kg
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
1990
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1995
2000
2005
2008
OIE Global Conference on
Aquatic Animal Health
2009
2010
Potential
18
GM plants/algae
the way to fill the EPA-DHA gap?
Requirements for EPA + DHA (adapted from Sadasivam Kaushik, INRA)
per individual
World population of 6 billions
500
mg/day
3 000
t /day
1 095 000
t/year
100 000 000
t/year
50 000 000
t/year
Fat content, 5%
2 500 000
t/year
EPA+DHA, 15%
375 000
t/year
> 700 000
t/year
Annual Need
Availability
Global fisheries
Edible, 50%
Deficit
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– Sustainable development –
where is the priority?
A balance must be found between different indicators of environmental
performance!
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– Sustainable development –
effect of alternative diets on fish health and welfare
ACH50 (units/ml)
FO
SO
RO
LO
Mix
300
200
100
NBT (abs nm)
1.5
400
FO
SO
RO
LO
Mix
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
From Montero et al., 2003
From Montero et al., 2003
Health and welfare assessment always included in experimental
protocols for FM/FO replacement trials
An example: replacing fish oil with a proper and balanced blend of
vegetable oils has very minor effects on the immune response and
does not affect survival in sea bream
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– Sustainable development –
strategic issues in fish nutrition
Specific nutrients may positively impact fish health
An example: MOS supplementation increases gut microvilli density
and length in gilthead seabream (Dimitroglou et al., 2010)
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– Sustainable development –
Legislative constraints to be addressed
Additives for farmed fish: the EU example
Essential for Food safety & quality, Fish health & welfare and the
environment.
Registration of fish feed additives is too much a burden;
Problem is urgent in case of emerging species;
Currently no innovations for fish feed additives;
Competitive issue (e.g. phytase + astaxanthin allowed in most 3rd
countries).
Examples:
Phytase: only allowed in salmonid feeds, no other species;
Enzymes: more than 100 approved for animal feed; only one
(phytase) for fish feed (salmonids);
Histidine: more than 5 years to register (only salmon);
Astaxanthin: only allowed in salmonid grower diets;
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– Sustainable development –
Legislative constraints to be addressed
Undesirable substances: the EU example
Revision of Directive 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances has
progressively adapted max. limits for key contaminants in the
aquafeed chain
FEFAC members have implemented the European guide for
compound feed and pre-mixture manufacturers assessed by
DGSANCO (EFMC) to apply HACCP-based Risk assessment for
feed production
FEFAC’s fishfeed committee has set up a dedicated Task Force
on Contaminants to provide an interface with EFSA and the EU
Standing Committee of the food chain
FEFAC conducted a 1st EU workshop on contaminants in
Aquaculture in February 2006
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– Sustainable development –
Legislative constraints to be addressed
Undesirable substances: the EU example
BUT since Maximum limits traditionally have been based on
feed for land animals, further adjustments are needed to
reflect conditions in aquaculture (e.g).:
Max. limit on endosulfane for fishfeed should be aligned on the
base of new aquaculture specific risk assessment studies;
Accumulation of limits for so many substances (39 max. limits)
will make sourcing of raw materials extremely complex and
challenging;
EU legislation on undesirable substances adds app. 8% extracost to EU producers who are not on a level playing field with
3rd country competitors not facing the same constraints
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The importance
of international standards
International
standards (OIE,
Codex) play a
major role in
ensuring feed
safety
FEFAC developed
its own Code of
Good
Manufacturing
Practices
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Aquatic animal feeds,
challenges and opportunities
Sustainable aquaculture needs sustainable
feed supply
Innovative formulations, based on new
research findings and alternative raw materials
allow fish farmers to become “net fish protein
producers”, without compromising fish health
and welfare
Safe, healthy and sustainable seafood from
aquaculture will contribute to feeding a growing
world population!
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FEFAC
Thank you for your attention