Transcript Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture

Chapter 7: Food and
Agriculture
Historical Info
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Population estimated to be malnourished
decreased from 900 million (1969-1971) to
800 million (1988-1990)
Several million lives claimed by famines in
Soviet Union, Bengal, China, and most
recently in Africa
Adequate levels of nutrition is most
concerned with the future of agriculture
Obstacles Agriculture Must
Face
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Little new land cultivating (land per capita is
declining)
Productive land comes from expense of rain
forests
Aquifers are being drawn down
Sites of new irrigation reservoirs are inconclusive
Fertilizer and other chemical use contribute to
pollution
Fish stocks are falling
Optimistic View on
Agriculture
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Relied on advanced agricultural technology
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) forecasts production growth
of 1.8 percent through 2010 (about 20% a decade),
and raise production by 6 times
Current debates for food demand in China
– rapid industrialization will lead to major growth in
dependence of food imports
– imports by 2030 of 300-640 million metric tons of grain
(grain is still the most basic and important food)
Food and Agriculture
Dynamics
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Food demand is a function of:
– population size
– income available to that population through GDP
– share of income spent on food
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Supply side consists of processes and dynamics
that seek to satisfy the demand
Prices are the key to almost all production loops
– help determine whether profits and capital investments
are made
Improving Productivity
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The Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research (CGIAR) put together
states and international (non) governmental
organizations supported by 15 research centers all
over the world
– contributed to grain production
– quintupled global meat production (rising rapidly in Asia)
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Asia consumes only 14 grams of animal protein per capita
per day compared to 55 grams in Japan and 71 grams in U.S.
Food Aid
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Governments and organizations sometimes turn to
food aid for countries in special need
– reduced deaths in African famines
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However, political failures such as wars and
breakdowns of civil orders in the Middle East
disrupt food production
Therefore, food aid has been used less and
improved technology become more reliant
Fishing
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Fish catch is only 5% by weight of the world’s
grain production and one-half by weight of global
meat production
– fishing is a global source of protein
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Competition among ships from individual countries
and global competition within the open ocean
result in overfishing and financial losses
Fish production is expanding in aquaculture or fish
farming especially in Asia
– total production reached 23 million tons in 1996, more
than doubling in a decade
In Conclusion...
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On-going investigations have begun to prove
that we (population) have a significant effect
with respect to food
Food and agriculture is one of many examples
in which the ultimate goal is facilitation of
choice in the face of uncertainty
Title
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AGDEM[0](USA,Cr
AGDEM[0](EU,Cro
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AGDEM[0](Japan,C
AGDEM[0](Russia,C
AGDEM[0](India,Cr
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AGDEM[0](China,C
AGDEM[0](Pakistan
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AGDEM[0](Taiwan,
AGDEM[0](North
Korea,Crop)
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1992
2002
1997
2012
2007
2022
2017
2032
2027
2042
2037
2052
2047
Year
2062
2057
2072
2067
2082
2077
2092
2087
2100
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AGDEM[0](South
Korea,Crop)
Quiz Questions
1. T F The population estimated to be malnourished
increased from 1969 to 1990.
2. T F Levels of cholesterol is a concern when it comes to
agriculture.
3. Which of the following obstacles does not deal with land?
A. Reservoirs B. Fish stock C. Cultivation
D. Rain forests
4. The OECD forecasts a production growth of what %
through the year 2010?
A. 1.5 B. 2.8 C. 8.1 D. 1.8
5. Which of the following is the most basic and important
food?
Questions cont’d
A. Meat B. Bread C. Grain D. Fish
6. Which of the following is not a function of food demand?
A. Net Income B. Population size C. Share of income
spent on food D. Income available through GDP
7. T F Although Asia’s meat production is rising rapidly, the
United States consumes the most grams of animal protein.
8. T F Food aid is becoming more often used than
technology.
9. Fishing is a global source of:
A. Cholesterol B. Iron C. Protein D. Carbohydrates
10. T F Aquaculture is expanding especially in Europe.