Transcript Simple Sugars

1. Use molecular model to build a linear
molecule
2. Ask a student to make a circle out of
the structure
1. The student should start pulling model
apart (hydrolysis)
2. And then putting the pc back together
synthesis
Today
take out worksheet
No Plants today
W
TH
F
M
Chemistry Worksheet 1
Chemistry Worksheet 2
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Most organic molecules r 2 big to get into cells
So how do cells get “food”?
digestion
Hydrolysis (……………..):
process of breaking large organic
molecules such as proteins and starches into smaller
molecules.
Large molecules must be hydrolyzed bf they enter a cell
Synthesis: building large organic molecules from small ones
Cells often use food molecules to build larger molecules they
need
Carbohydrates
Are sugars
Primary source of Energy, some form structures
3 types
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
How did they get named?
Saccharide = sugar
Monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide
Monosaccharides/
Simple Sugars
Were is the most common place to
Example
find glucose?
• Glucose (blood sugar)
• Used for Energy ( cellular respiration )
What life function extracts energy from food?
In what way do glucose and fructose differ?
Both are C6H12O6
• Different Simple sugars have different
functions because they have different
shapes
What do you get when you put
two simple sugars together?
Disaccharide’s/ Double sugars
• Made by Putting 2 simple sugars together
• Examples
– Sucrose: Table sugar
– Lactose: Milk sugar
– Maltose: Malt sugar
What do you think many sugars
put together are called?
Polysaccharides/ Complex sugars
• They are made from many simple sugars put together
Examples
– Starch: storage in plants
– Glycogen: storage in animals
– Cellulose: Structure- Cell walls in plants
Starch and glycogen are both
made from many glucose
molecules, so how do the differ?
Polysaccharides/ Complex sugars
• They are made from many simple sugars put together
Examples
– Starch: storage in plants
– Glycogen: storage in animals
– Cellulose: structure in plants
•Different complex sugars have different number and arrangement of
simple sugars therefore they have different shapes & functions
Carbohydrates, that need to be stored, are always built
into complex sugars. Why would an organism store
complex sugars and not simple sugars?
• Cells store excess simple and double sugars by
synthesizing them into………………………..
Complex Sugars Complex
sugars are too big to diffuse through biological
membranes.
• In order to transport sugars, your digestive system
must hydrolyze them into ……………………
Simple sugars
1. Is sucrose a simple or double sugar?
2. What class of organic compounds do all
sugars belong to?
3. What type of carbohydrate is starch.
4. What kind of organisms make starch?
5. Problem: your blood transports simple
sugars, but you eat double and complex
sugars. What must your digestive system
do to the double and complex sugars?
1. What would your digestive system have to do to a starch
molecule bf it could be absorbed by your blood?
2. What would starch be hydrolyzed into?
3. If you have excess glucose in your blood, your liver would
build some the glucose into ……………… (poly
saccharide)
4. The process of bonding glucose molecules together would
be an example of …
5. To what class of organic compounds do sugars belong to?
6. What r the other 3 classes of organic compounds called
Lipids / Fats & Oils
• Many different types
• Are insoluble in water
• Used for
–
–
–
–
Energy storage
Cell membranes
Steroid hormones
other
1. What is the scientific name for the group of compounds
fats belong to?
2. Structurally lipids vary a lot. So why are molecules that
look so different all classified as lipids?
3. Given the following equipment how could you tell a
carbohydrate from a fat?
Beakers
Chemical X
Water
Chemical Y
spoons
4. Which group of molecules is your bodies primary source of
energy?
What is the most diverse class
of organic compounds?
Proteins
• Large molecules
• Made up of many different
combinations of 20 different
types of amino acids
H
H
H
H-C-H
H-C-H
H-C-H
H--C--H
Amino Acid
R can be 1 of 20 different
things. So how many
different kinds of amino
acids are there?
Protein shape, Honors Only
Proteins
• Long folded chains
• Made up of many different
combinations of 20 different
types of amino acids
• Differences in # and
arrangement of amino acids
causes proteins to bend into
different shapes.
• The shape of the protein
determines the proteins function
Function of proteins
1. Defense ex antibodies
2. Structure ex muscle
3. Enzymes ex amylase
4. Transport ex hemoglobin
5. etc
Defence
Carries Oxygen
Structural
Enzyme- Regulates
chemical reactions
The Order of the Amino Acids
Determines the shape of the protein.
The shape of the protein determines
The Proteins …..!
In general, what is the
difference between the protein
Hemoglobin and the protein
amylase?
What would happen if your
cells put the amino acids in
the wrong order when it made
a specific protein?
If the order of amino acids in a protein is wrong, usually the
protein doesn’t work.
Ex sickled cell anemia is caused 1 incorrect amino acid out of
120  deformed red blood cells
1. Before Proteins can be absorbed from your intestines into
your blood, they must be hydrolyzed into ____
2. How many different kinds of amino acids are there?
3. What determines the shape of a protein?
4. What is usually the affect of changing the order of amino
acids in a protein
5. The protein you eat is usually not the type of protein your
cells need. How do cells get the protein they need?
Nucleic Acids
• Long chains of molecules called
• 2 types
– DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• Stores hereditary information
– RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• Involved in making proteins
nucleotides
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What smaller molecules are used to build proteins
How do you get amino acids? (Trick Question)
How many different kinds of amino acids are there?
What is the relationship b/n amino acids and the
function of a protein?
Describe some of the functions of proteins.
What happens if your body puts the amino acids in
the wrong order?
What are the two types of Nucleotides?
How do DNA and RNA differ?
1. What is the most abundant inorganic molecule in
a living organism? Why is it so important?
2. Which chemical formula represents an inorganic
molecule?
A. C6H12O6 B. C48H24O6
C. CO2
D. C50H196O73 N25S12
3. Which of the following is a carbohydrate
A. Amylase
B. Glycogen
C. Glycerol
D. Adenine
4. What is the relationship between a simple sugar
and a complex sugar?
1. What is the primary function of
carbohydrates in organisms
2. When your digestive system breaks down
starch into its components, ______ is formed
3. Which type of carbohydrate could be used
by your body the fastest? Explain?
– Sucrose
– glucose
– Starch