Transcript Recap the Medieval Period

 500-1450 A.D.
 Two empires – Holy Roman Empire and Byzantine
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Empire
Self-sufficient kingdoms, monarchies, feudalism
Barbarian invasions leads to less travel and the slow
spread of ideas and music
The growth of the Catholic church in wealth and
power – use wealth to construct great cathedrals to
spread influence and Christianity
Church emphasis – getting into Heaven
Patrons of music – churches and a few kingdoms
 Sacred music was composed in churches – written in
large illuminated manuscript books that took months
to create
 Knowledge was kept safe by the Catholic church by
painstakingly copying books and keeping them within
the church
 Education was reserved for clergymen and nobility
 Bubonic Plague – wipes out millions of people, creates
a work shortage across Europe
 Renaissance = “rebirth”
 Time period is characterized as the rebirth of human
creativity and a revival of Greek and Roman literature
and art
 Age of Exploration and Adventure
 Christopher Columbus – 1492
 Vasco Da Gama – 1498
 Magellan – 1519-1522
 Age of Curiosity and Individualism
 Leonardo Da Vinci: 1452-1519
 Michaelangelo: 1475-1564
 Galileo: 1564-1642
 Shakespeare: 1564-1616
 Machiavelli: 1469-1527
 Thomas More: 1478-1535
 Humanism – the idea of human nature; placed a high
value on the individual; emphasis on reason, ethics,
and justice; decision making moves away from
religious beliefs
 Catholic Church vs. Protestant Reformation
 Martin Luther: 1483-1546
 Fall of the Byzantine Empire – Constantinople was
captured in 1453
 Scholars escaped to Italy with writings of Greek
authors – Plato and Aristotle
 Technology:
 Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press around 1440
 Petrucci developed the printing of music around 1500
Illuminated Manuscript
(Medieval)
Early printed music
(Renaissance)
Ordinary of the Mass
Songs
Proper of the Mass
Songs
 Kyrie eleison (Greek)
 Introit
 Gloria
 Gradual
 Credo
 Alleluia or Tract
 Sanctus and Benedictus
 Sequence
 Agnus Dei
 Offertory
 Communion
 Masses are performed in Latin with the exception of the
Kyrie, which was performed in Greek
Requiem Mass
 Introit
 Kyrie
 Gradual
 Tract
 Sequence
 Offertory
 Sanctus
 Agnus Dei
 Communion
 Pie Jesu
 Libera Me
 In Paradisium
Definitions
 Mass of the Ordinary
 Mass that stays the same
 Mass of the Proper
 Mass that changes due
to the season
 Requiem Mass
 Mass for the dead
 Motet – a polyphonic sacred text music other than the Mass
 Madrigal – secular Italian vocal music, polyphonic,
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unaccompanied
Chanson – secular French vocal music
Monophony – a single melody, no accompaniment, unison
Polyphony – two or more independent melodic voices
Heterophony – a single melody, performed differently by rhythm
or tempo
Homophony – when two or more lines move together in
harmony and rhythm
Contrapuntal – music that is harmonically interdependent, but
rhythmically independent
 Johannes Ockeghem
 1410-1497
 singer, composer, first
chaplain, in charge of
the court choirs for the
kings of France, and
treasurer of the St.
Martin de Tours
monastery
 Composed masses,
motets, and chansons
 Considered the leading
composer at the time
 Jacob Obrecht
 1450-1505
 priest, singer, composer,
choir master
 Moved around a lot
from church to church
composing music
 In 1500, he retired to a
court in Italy and in 1505
died of the plague
 Josquin Desprez
 1440-1521
 French composer,
singer, choir master
 Existing works include
18 Masses, 95 motets,
and 68 chansons
 Considered the greatest
composer of the
Renaissance
 Music uses four, five,
and six voices
 Composing a mass was
considered the high point
of their career
 Heinrich Isaac
 1450-1517
 German singer and
composer
 Born in Flanders (border
of France and Belgium)
 Composer in the Medici
court for 12 years
 Court composer for
Emperor Maximilian I
(Holy Roman Emperor)
 Credited for bringing
music style to Germanic
lands
 Composed
approximately 40
Ordinary Masses, 100
Proper Masses, and over
50 motets and chansons
 Made significant
contributions to the
German song - Lied
 Pierre De La Rue
 1460-1518
 French singer, composer
 Wrote 30 Masses, 30 motets, and 30 chansons
 Jean Moulton
 1459-1522
 Wrote 15 Masses, 20 chansons, and over 100 motets
 Parody – borrowing lines of music from other songs and
modifying them to create a new work
 Second Generation Composers
 Jacob Clement
 1515-1556
 Composed 14 Masses, 230 motets, 79 chansons
 Nicolas Gombert
 1495-1560
 Composed 11 Masses, 160 motets, 70 chansons
 Adrian Willaert
 1490-1562
 Composed Masses, motets, chansons, madrigals
 Spain and Spanish America
 Spain became a political power with the marriage of
German and Spanish families
 1559-1659 is considered the “golden century” of Spanish
art, literature, and music
 Pedro de Escobar
 1465-1536
 Portuguese composer and singer
 Francisco de Penalosa
 1470-1528
 Finest Spanish composer at the time
 Surviving works = 7 Masses, 10 motets, 10 secular pieces
 Cristobal de Morales
 1500-1553
 First major Spanish composer
 Surviving works = 20 Masses, 2 Requiem Masses, over 100 motets
 Spanish America
 Cathedrals were built in major cites – Mexico City, Puebla,
Cuzco, etc.
 Cathedrals were modeled after European Cathedrals
 Spanish musicians were appointed the position of
chapelmaster and organists – music from Europe began to be
performed and integrated into daily life
 Cathedrals are built with organs to “fill in” music during
services while vocal music remained dominant
 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
 1525-1594
 Composed 104 Masses, 375
motets, 140 secular songs
 Italian composer, famous for his
sacred music
 Tomas Luis de Vitoria
 1548-1611
 Composed 20 Masses, 52 motets
 Greatest Spanish composer of
the Renaissance and of sacred
music
 Orlande de Lassus
 1532-1594
 Composed over 2,000
compositions including
Masses, motets, chansons,
madrigals, and lieder
 One of the greatest
composers of the late
Renaissance
 Used his secular works as
the bases for his sacred
music
 Instruments of the Late Renaissance
 Wind Instruments
 Recorder
 Cromorne
 Shawm
 Cornetto
 Trumpet
 Trombone
 Instruments of the Late Renaissance
 Stringed Instruments
 Viol
 Violin
 Lute