Transcript Middle Ages Renaissance

Renaissance
The Beginning of the Modern World
1300s through the 1500s
RENAISSANCE
• Rebirth of interest in
classical knowledge
• Definition of Classical
knowledge?
• Why classical knowledge?
– Renaissance starts in
Italian city-states
– Italians were interested in
classical civilization
(Greece and particularly
Rome)
RENAISSANCE
• Bridge between medieval
times and modern times
– Definition of medieval?
– What was medieval life like?
• What happened to cause a loss
of learning and culture?
Renaissance created a change in
attitude from the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
• Everything focused faith,
the power of the nobles,
and tradition
– Obey authority and don’t ask
questions
Renaissance
• Emphasized reason,
questioning authority, and
secular life
– Definition of secular?
• Brought back learning and
arts
What caused the change in attitude?
• The Crusades
– Definition?
• Where is the
Holy Land?
– ended Europe’s
isolation during
the Middle Ages
What caused the change in attitude?
• Encouraged
trade
• When you
exchange goods,
you also
exchange IDEAS!
How did Asian goods get to Europe?
• Silk Road
– Definition?
– used to
transport
Asian goods to
the Muslim
Empire and
Byzantine
Empire
What did Europeans want?
• From China
• Paper
• Silk
• Porcelain
What did Europeans want?
• From China,
Southeast Asia,
Middle East
• Spices
• Rice
• Sugar
New products that improved European
life
Middle East
• From Middle East and India
– Textiles
• Cotton cloth and patterns
– Numeral system
• 1,2,3 (Arabic numbers)
– Scientific knowledge
• Medicines
• Mathematics
• Astronomy
– Astrolabe
» Definition?
India
More education becomes available
• Movable type printing
press
– Invented by Johannes
Gutenberg (1450)
– Lower cost, more
accurate
– More availability of
books and information
– Increased literacy
◦ Definition of literacy?
Renaissance began in the Italian citystates
Italy
Renaissance began in the Italian citystates
• Why?
• Location, location,
location
– Mediterranean Sea
allowed Venice,
Florence, and others to
trade with Muslim and
Byzantine Empires after
the Crusades
Ottoman Empire
Italy
Trade routes to Europe
Italian Monopoly
• Definition of monopoly?
• Italian city-states controlled all trade from
Asia coming into Europe (at first) and became
very wealthy
What did Italians do with all that
wealth?
• New wealth was used to sponsor arts,
literature, and science
– Patrons—Definition?
Italian City-States
• Most were governed by
dictators who wanted more
power and money so…
• Italy had frequent wars and
rebellions
Italian City-States
• Wars cost lots of money
so developed the first
diplomatic service to
resolve differences
peacefully
• 1st of its kind
– Definition?
Renaissance changes society
Increased trade starts
creates new jobs and new
wealth
Society begins to be based
upon wealth and ability,
not just ownership of land
or nobility
Starts a change in the
structure of society
 Different jobs
◦ Growth of middle class!
Renaissance changes society
• Social classes changed
– Upper class
• Nobility, wealthy
merchants, bankers
Middle class
• Shopkeepers, artisans,
merchants
– Lower class
• Workers, peasants
Three important Italian City-states
during the Renaissance
• FLORENCE
– Birthplace of the
Renaissance
– Ruled by the Medici
family
• Important banking family
• Lorenzo the Magnificent
Three important Italian City-states
during the Renaissance
• ROME
– One of the Papal States
– Definition?
Three important Italian City-states
during the Renaissance
• VENICE
– Jewel of the Renaissance
• Best example of Renaissance
architecture
– Built on islands