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Issues in Weed Management, 2004 Fabián Menalled Cropland Weed Specialist 719 Leon Johnson Hall Montana State University [email protected] 406-994-4783 Issues in Weed Management, 2004 • Weed Science at MSU • Herbicide Resistance • Herbicide Update Cropland Weed Management Web Site http://scarab.msu.montana.edu/cropweeds/index.htm Google: Cropland + weed + Montana Weed Management Handbook Available: December 2004 On-line Extension Publications Montana State University P.O. Box 172040 Bozeman, MT 59717-2040 406-994-3273 Issues in Weed Management, 2004 Weed Science at MSU Herbicide Resistance • Herbicide Update Herbicide Resistance • Innate ability of a species to survive and reproduce after treatment with a dose of herbicide that would normally be lethal Weed Situation Herbicide Mode of Action Kochia railways Photosystem II inhibitors wheat ALS inhibitors wheat Synthetic Auxins barley Thiocarbamates and others Wild oat (atrazine) (chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl) (dicamba, fluroxypyr) (difenzoquat, triallate) Russian Thistle barley Pyrazoliums sugarbeet, wheat ACCase inhibitors cereals ALS inhibitors wheat ALS inhibitors (difenzoquat, triallate) (diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, tralkoxydim) (imazamethabenz-methyl) (chlorsulfuron) Persian Darnell wheat ACCase inhibitors (diclofop-methyl) Herbicide Resistance • Idaho • North Dakota • Wyoming • Utah – – – – – – Prickly lettuce Kochia Russian thistle Wild Oat Italian ryegrass Mayweed chamomile – Kochia – Italian ryegrass – – – – – – Kochia Green foxtail Wild oat Redroot pigweed Wild mustard E. black nightshade – Kochia Herbicide Resistance • Selection intensity – Herbicide efficacy – Number of herbicide applications / year • Weed biology – Genetic variability – Reproduction mechanism • Genetics of resistance – ALS or ACCase vs. EPSP synthase Resistance Management • ROTATE!!!!! – Management practices – Crops – Herbicides with different SITE OF ACTION Herbicide Mode of Action • Sequence of events from absorption of the herbicide into the plant until the plant dies Herbicide Mode of Action Movement Absorption Contact Toxicity Mode of Action (Amino Acid Biosyntehsis Inhibitors) Site of Action (EPSPS inhibitor) Chemical Family (Glyicines) Active Ingredient (Glyphosate) Commercial Products (Roundup, Ultramax, etc.) Herbicide Mode of Action HMOA Example Growth regulators 2-4,D; Banvel; Starane Amino acid synthesis inhibitors ALS inhibitors: Glean; Harmony Extra; Everest EPSP inhibitors: Roundup Lipid inhibitors ACC-ase inhibitors: Select; Puma; Hoelon Seedling growth inhibitors Far-go Photosynthesis inhibitors Triazines: Bladex Nitriles: Buctril Cell membrane disruptors Diquat; Gramoxone Pigment inhibitors Command Weed Management in Montana • Based on few HMOA – Amino acids biosynthesis inhibitors (Roundup and the Sulfonylureas) – Growth regulators (2,4-D, MCPA) – ACCase inhibitors (Holeon and Achieve ) Issues in Weed Management, 2004 Weed Science at MSU Herbicide Resistance Herbicide Update Herbicide Update Familiar Faces, New Names Herbicide Update Familiar Faces, New Names • WideMatch, Dow AgroSciences • Osprey, Bayer • Silverado, Bayer • Olympus, Bayer • Durango & Glyphomax XRT, Dow AgroSciences • Velpar Alfamax, DuPont WideMatch Clopyralid/MCPA ester + fluroxypyr Curtail + Starane • Growth regulators • Wheat, durum, oat, barley • Broadleaf control: Canada thistle, wild buckwheat, ALS-resistant and large kochia. • Tank-mixed: Achieve, Discover, Everest, Puma • Three-leaf stage to flag leaf emergence • Rate: 1.0 to 1.3 pt / A • Rotation: 18 months for pea, lentil, and potato • Cost: approximately $7.50 to $8.00/A Osprey Mesosulfuron-methyl • ALS-inhibiting herbicide • Winter wheat • Wild oats, Persian Darnel, ryegrass and certain broadleaf weeds • Control ACC-ase resistant grasses (wild oat) • Emergence to jointing stage • Rate: 4.45 oz / A + adjuvant • Flathead and Lake Co. Restrictions! • Tank-mixed: Curtail, Harmony, Bronate Advance, etc. • Rotation: 7 days for wheat; 90 days for lentils, peas and dry beans; 12 months for corn Silverado Mesosulfuron-methyl • • • • • • • • ALS-inhibiting herbicide winter and spring wheat, including durum Wild oat control in Eastern Montana ACC-ase-resistant wild oats Emergence to jointing stage 1.75 -2.25 ounces / A + adjuvant Tank-mixed: MCPA ester, Harmony Extra, Curtail, etc Rotation: 7 days for wheat and barley; 90 days for lentils, peas and dry beans; 12 months for corn • Cost: $8.75/A + the adjuvant Olympus Propoxycarbazone-sodium • ALS-inhibiting herbicide • spring, durum and winter wheat • Cheat grass, downy brome, Japanese brome. Suppression of jointed goatgrass • Control ACC-ase resistant grasses (wild oat) • Emergence to jointing • 0.6 to 0.9 oz./acre in a single application • Tank-mixed: Amber, MCPA, Starane, 2,4-D, etc. • Rotation: 4 months for Proso Millet, 22 months for corn • Cost: Approximately $ 9.00 / Acre Durango & Glyphomax XRT Glyphosate • EPSP inhibitors • Glyphosate stewardship guidelines Velpar – Alfamax Diuron and Velpar (hexazinone) • Established alfalfa • Contact and residual control • One single application during winter • Rates = 3.3 – 10 Acres / Unit Pack (14.2 pounds), • Mustards, pigweed, chickweed, common lambsquarters • Branyardgrass, cheatgrass • Dry bulk fertilizer may be coated with Velpar - Alfamax • Caution: can damage trees and shrubs Section 24(c). Special Local Needs Velpar L Alfalfa, dormant forage General weed control Roundup (Original and Ultra Max RT) Peas (Dry), Lentils, Chickpeas General weed control Basagran Seed Alfalfa Canada thistle, mayweed & other weeds Prowl Seed Alfalfa General weed control Sonalan HFP Seed Alfalfa Nightshade and Dodder Fusilade DX Seed Alfalfa Quackgrass Sencor Seed Grasses Bromus Species ALWAYS READ THE LABEL!!!!!!!!