Transcript Resistance by the Numbers - Pesticide Environmental Stewardship

Label Group Numbers
Guides to Resistance Management
Label Group Numbers
How they made it to Labels
Where they come from
Understanding them
Using them
Purpose of the group numbers
Resistance management guidelines for pesticides.
Resistance:
A pest once controlled by a pesticide and is no
longer controlled by that pesticide.
Michigan now has 24 resistant weed species!
Group numbers are for several pesticides - this
presentation is focused on herbicides
On the Label - upper right corner
GROUP
1
HERBICIDE
GROUP
2
HERBICIDE
GROUP
3
HERBICIDE
GROUP
4
HERBICIDE
GROUP
5
HERBICIDE
GROUP
6
HERBICIDE
GROUP
7
HERBICIDE
GROUP
8
HERBICIDE
GROUP
9
HERBICIDE
GROUP
10
HERBICIDE
GROUP
13
HERBICIDE
GROUP
14
HERBICIDE
GROUP
15
HERBICIDE
GROUP
16
HERBICIDE
GROUP
19
HERBICIDE
GROUP
22
HERBICIDE
GROUP
27
HERBICIDE
A long journey to the label
August, 2001
EPA issued guidance for voluntary pesticide
resistance management labeling guidelines
Align with other global resistance management
systems - international harmonization
Resistance Action Committees
Industry technical committees:
HRAC - Herbicide Resistance Action Committee
Alliance with Weed Science Society of America
HRAC system is alphabetic
WSSA system is numeric - Canada started with numeric
Both groups support a world-wide data base of herbicide
resistance: http://www.weedscience.com
The other Resistance Action Committees
IRAC - Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
FRAC -Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
EPA’s Goal
Ensure users are fully informed about resistance
management while making clear that compliance
is not required
Direction For Use headings:
“Resistance Management Recommendations”
“box” the statements to clearly segregate the information
from mandatory use instrictions
Label herbicide resistance management
statements - What can happen
This is a Group _ herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant
this product and others in Group _ . Weed species
with acquired resistance to group _ herbicides may
eventually dominate the weed population if Group
_ herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field
or in successive years as the primary method of
control for the target species. Total loss of control
of the target species product or others in the
Group is possible.
Label herbicide resistance management
statements - How to delay resistance
Avoid consecutive use of the product and others in
the Group.
How to delay resistance
Tank mix or use premixes of herbicides from
different Groups
How to delay resistance
Base herbicide use on a comprehensive IPM
program
How to delay resistance
Monitor application sites for weeds not dying
How to delay resistance
Contact your extension specialist, certified crop
advisors and/or the manufacturer for integrated
weed management recommendations for specific
sites or resistant weed biotypes
ACCase inhibitors
GROUP
1
HERBICIDE
Mode of Action - Lipid synthesis inhibitor
Prevents the formation of fatty acids, which are
essential for the production of lipids. Lipids are vital in
the integrity of cell walls and thus new plant growth
AI (Trade names)
sethoxydim (Poast, Poast Plus)
clethodim (Select Max)
quizalifop (Assure II)
fluazifop (Fusilade II & DX, component in Fusion),
fenoxaprop (component in Fusion)
A grass burndown herbicide - no resistant species
in MI
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
GROUP
ALS Inhibitors - metabolic pathway blockers
imazapyr (Arsenal, Habitat, Sahara - w/diuron)
imazapic (Plateau)
halosulfuron (Manage, Sedge Hammer)
sulfosulforon (Certainty)
Resistant species:
Palmer Amaranth
Tall Water Hemp
Common Ragweed
Marestail/Horseweed
Giant Foxtail
Kochia
2
HERBICIDE
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
GROUP
9
HERBICIDE
EPSP Synthase inhibitor - metabolic pathway blocker
glyphosate (Roundup, Roundup QuickPro, Rodeo, Trailblazer)
Resistant species:
Palmer Amaranth
Tall Water Hemp
Common Ragweed
Marestail/Horseweed
Giant Foxtail
Kochia
Seedling Growth Inhibitors
GROUP
3
Inhibits a protein called tubulin which prevents mitosis
pendimethalin (Pre-Em, Penncap)
trifluralin (Treflan)
pronamide (Barricade,Kerb)
No resistant species reported in Michigan
HERBICIDE
Growth Regulators
GROUP
Synthetic auxins
2,4-D (Weedone, 2,4_D Amine &Ester + others)
MCPA (Weedar + others)
MCPP (MCPP4 Amine + others
aminocyclopyrachlor (Perspective, Streamline)
aminopyralid (Milestone)
clopyralid (Confront, Lontrel, Transline)
dicamba (Vision + others)
quinclorac (Drive, QuinPro)
fluroxypyr (Escalade)
triclopyr (Garlon 3 &Garlon Ultra 4L,
4
HERBICIDE
Growth Regulators
GROUP
4
HERBICIDE
Synthetic Auxins - these herbicides disrupt
hormone balance and protein synthesis in plants,
leading to a variety of plant growth abnormalities
Resistant species
Wild Carrot
Lambsquarter
Dicamba vs. Acorn Squash
Photosynthesis Inhibitors
These herbicides block the photosynthetic process, thereby
preventing the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy block photosynthetic electron transport
GROUP
5
HERBICIDE
atrazine (AAtrex - RUP) Resistant species - Velvetleaf, Powell Amaranth,
simazine (Princep)
Purslane, Groundsel, Prostrate Pigweed
GROUP
6
HERBICIDE
bentazon (Basagran)
bromoxynil (Buctril, Moxy, others)
GROUP
7
HERBICIDE
diuron (Direx, Karmex) will be RUP in MI
Cell Membrane Disrupters
These herbicides disrupt cell membranes - “Burn Downs”
GROUP
14
HERBICIDE
Carfentrazone-ethyl (Quicksilver T&O, Square One w/quinclorac)
Sulfentrazone (Speed Zone, Q-4. Dismiss, Oust)
Flumioxazin (BroadStar, SureGuard)
Lactofen (Cobra)
GROUP
22
HERBICIDE
diquat (Reward)
paraquat (Gramoxone -RUP)
Some reported resistance in aquatic - duckweed, Eurasian
Watermilfoil
Pigment Inhibitors -Bleachers
GROUP
27
HERBICIDE
HPPD inhibitors - Recent developments for resistant
weeds
mesotrione (Tenacity, Calisto)
isoxaflutole (Balance) Right now limited Section 18 for Ag
Mesotrione vs. Tomatoes
Pigment Inhibitors
PDS Inhibitor
fluridone (Sonar) -Aquatic Herbicide
GROUP
12
HERBICIDE
Nitrogen Metabolism Inhibitor - bleaching
GROUP
10
Glutamine Assimilation Inhibitors - This herbicide blocks
the enzyme glutamine synthetase, thus preventing the
conversion of ammonia into amino acids
Ammonia builds to toxic levels
glufosinate (Finale, Liberty)
HERBICIDE
Glufosinate vs.
Flowers
Label Group Numbers
How they made it to Labels
Where they come from
Understanding them
Using them