Transcript Proteins
PROTEINS BUILT BY INSTRUCTIONS FOUND IN DNA GENE = DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR ONE PROTEIN Elements • • • • • • Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen – (NH2 groups = amino group!) Phosphorus Sulfur Polymers of amino acids Polymers of amino acids 20 different kinds Essential vs “Nonessential” Food Sources Vegetarianism… • Essential vs non-essential amino acids • Vegan vs vegetarian • Article discussion… Classes Fibrous Globular Functions? • Shape is critical to function! 3d shape: demonstration Structure and Function • 3d shape of the protein is incredibly important!!! • If it changes shape, it probably won’t be able to do its job anymore. • DENATURE • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani mations/content/proteinstructure.html SO WHAT DO PROTEINS DO? Functions video (not high quality) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T500B5yT y58 • http://www.sparknotes.com/health/aminoaci ds/section2.rhtml Contractile proteins • movement Structural Proteins • Support • protection Transport Proteins • Cell membrane and in blood (hemoglobin) Communication • Receptor proteins • Hormones demo • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/ tour/ Antibodies • Immune system Enzymes • Biological catalysts Functions • • • • • Receptor proteins - Communication Maintain fluid balance (blood) Structural proteins – support Contractile proteins - movement Transport proteins – in cell membrane, hemoglobin • Antibodies – immune system • Hormones (communication) • Biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions) - ENZYMES 3D shape: modeling • Obtain a strip of paper. Mark off every 2 blocks. • Pick out two squares – leaving space between them – and color them yellow. Do the same for red, blue, green, and purple. • Color in the rest of the squares with your choice of colors, in any order you wish… the colored strip • This represents PRIMARY STRUCTURE for an amino acid. • Describe primary structure in your notebook. 3D shape: modeling part 2 • Now take your strip and fold it as demonstrated. • This represents SECONDARY STRUCTURE. 3D shape: modeling part 3 • Yellow is attracted to yellow. Use a stapler to attach your yellow squares together. • Blue and Red are attracted to one another. Use a stapler to attach those together. • Green and purple are attracted to one Questions to answer… • What types of bonds hold the amino acids together? • What types of bonds hold the 3d shape of a protein together? • Can these “stabilizing bonds” withstand heat? • What happens to a protein when it gets heated?