Transcript Substance Abuse - Garnet Valley School District

Substance Abuse
Tobacco Journal
• Complete the following sentence and then
explain in a private journal entry: “I think
people who use tobacco are…”
Attitudes about Tobacco
• I think that people start to use tobacco
because…
• Banning smoking in public places is…
• Warning labels on cigarette packages are…
• How do you feel when you are exposed to
second hand smoke?
Teens and Tobacco
Why do teens use tobacco?
• Influence of friends: teens may feel pressure
to be a part of the group.
• Influence of family: teens see parents who are
smokers and relate that behavior to being an
adult.
• Influence of media: tactics are used by the
media to glamorize tobacco use.
Media Influence
• Legal tactics: advertisements on websites and
in magazines, advertisements in stores where
cigarettes are sold, direct mail, and tobacco
companies sponsor events and offer discounts
to keep prices low.
• Illegal tactics: advertisements on the radio,
TV, and billboards, cartoon images that might
attract children or teens
Tobacco Products
• Tobacco products are made from the dried,
processed leaves of tobacco plants.
• Tobacco plants naturally produce a chemical
that acts as an insecticide to protect the
plants’ leaves from insects.
• This insecticide is nicotine, a very addictive
chemical found in tobacco products.
Products
• Products that are smoked: cigarettes, clove
cigarettes, cigars and pipes.
• Smokeless Tobacco products: chewing
tobacco (“dip or chew”) and snuff.
Tobacco users take in nicotine whenever they
use cigarettes, cigars, pipes or smokeless
tobacco!
Chemicals in Tobacco Products
• Nicotine is a stimulant drug.
• Stimulants increase activity in the nervous
system.
• Once nicotine is in the bloodstream, it reaches
the brain within seconds.
• Nicotine affects your breathing, movement,
learning, memory, mood, and appetite.
• People who use tobacco frequently begin to
rely on this feeling from nicotine.
• This is what causes addiction.
Tobacco Products
There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco products.
• Some of them include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tar
Carcinogens
carbon monoxide
Ammonia
Propane
Acetone
Formaldehyde
Stearic acid (candle wax)
Cadmium (batteries)
Arsenic (weed killer)
Naphthalene (mothballs)
The Magical Amount!
Anti-Smoking Messages
• List as many reasons why you think that some
teens start to smoke.
• Now join with a partner and discuss your reasons.
How many different reasons did you come up
with?
Assignment:
• Design a colorful t-shirt or bumper sticker with an
anti-smoking message. The message should
address at least one of the reasons you and your
partner listed.
• When finished, turn in your list and t-shirt or
bumper sticker.
Homework Assignment
• Read the Teen Vogue article “Social Smoking”.
• When finished, write a 2 paragraph response.
– Paragraph 1: Summary of article
– Paragraph 2: Your response and personal
thoughts about social smoking.
Tobacco Journal #2
• Read the story “My Cigarette, My Friend” and
answer the journal questions below. This
journal will be collected.
• What is your reaction to this story?
• What are your thoughts and/or feelings about
this “friend”.
• Why would someone continue to be treated
this way?
Risks of Tobacco Use:
Respiratory Diseases
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD) – a disease that results from gradual
loss of lung function.
• Chronic Bronchitis – airways are constantly
inflamed and mucus production is increased,
resulting in difficulty breathing.
• Emphysema – a disorder in which alveoli in
the lungs can no longer function properly.
Risks of Tobacco Use
• Cardiovascular Disease: raises blood pressure,
increase cholesterol, hardening and thickening of
the arteries (atherosclerosis), blood clots, which
can all cause a heart attack or stroke.
• Cancers: lung cancer, oral cancer (leukoplakia),
esophagus, larynx, stomach, pancreas, kidney,
bladder, blood cancer, as well as many other
sites.
Secondhand smoke and smoking while pregnant
can cause the same health problems as smoking
first hand.
Attitudes about Alcohol
•
•
•
•
People drink alcohol when…
Controlling the use of alcohol is…
Getting drunk is…
Running ads for alcohol on TV sports programs
is…
Facts about Alcohol
• Alcohol is not always
thought of as being a
drug, but it is.
• A drug is a chemical
substance that is taken
to cause changes in a
person’s body or
behaviors.
• Alcohol is a powerful
depressant.
• A depressant is: a drug
that slows the brain and
body reactions.
• It can cause confusion,
decreased alertness,
poor coordination,
blurred vision, and
drowsiness.
Facts about Alcohol
• When people drink alcohol faster than the
body can break it down into harmless
compounds, they become intoxicated. In
some cases, they may even blackout.
• Intoxication: is the state in which a person’s
mental and physical abilities are impaired by
alcohol or another substance.
• Blackout: a period of time that the drinker
cannot recall.
Teens and Alcohol
• Alcohol is illegal for teens and others under the age of
21. The attitudes of peers, family, and the media
strongly influence underage drinking.
Risks of underage drinking:
• Being injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash
• Committing or being the victim of sexual assault or
other violence
• Long-term brain damage
• Problems with alcohol later in life
• Suspension from school, sports teams, or other school
activities
• Legal issues, including heavy fines and loss of driver’s
license
Risks of Underage Drinking
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
• The amount of alcohol is a person’s blood,
expressed in a percentage.
• For example, a BAC of 0.1 percent means that
one-tenth of 1 percent of the fluid in the
blood is alcohol.
Factors Affecting BAC:
Rate of Consumption
• A person’s liver chemically breaks down, or
metabolizes, alcohol at a fairly constant rate.
• The rate is one half to one ounce of alcohol
per hour.
• Therefore people who have a few drinks in
one hour have a higher BAC than people who
drink the same amount over several hours.
Factors Affecting BAC:
Gender
• Males will generally have a lower BAC than
females.
• In males, a larger amount of alcohol gets
metabolized in the stomach before it enters
the blood stream and the liver is also more
efficient in metabolizing alcohol.
Factors Affecting BAC:
Body Size & Food Consumption
• Smaller people (by weight and height), feel
the effects of alcohol more than larger people.
• They will have a higher BAC after a similar
number of drinks.
• Drinking on an empty stomach increases the
rate of alcohol absorption into the
bloodstream, resulting in a higher BAC.
Long Term Risks of Alcohol
• Brain Damage
destroys nerve cells in
the brain, which can
impair memory and
concentration.
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
a group of birth defects
caused by the effects of
alcohol on an unborn
child.
www.nlm.nih.gov
Long Term Risks of Alcohol
• Liver Damage – interferes with the liver’s
ability to break down fat (metabolize), heavy
drinking can cause the liver to fill with fat,
causing cirrhosis which can lead to liver
failure.
Long Term Risks of Alcohol
• Heart Disease – increased
blood pressure and heart
rate, irregular heartbeat,
and a buildup of fatty
deposits in the heart
muscle.
• Digestive Problems –
cancers of the mouth and
stomach, recurring
diarrhea, chronic
indigestion, heartburn or
ulcers.
Journal
• Myth: Alcoholics sleep on park benches and
wear shabby clothes.
• Fact: Alcoholics come from all cultures,
backgrounds, and levels of education.
• In what ways does the media contribute to
this myth about alcoholics? How else does
the media shape people’s perception of
alcoholics?
Alcoholism
• A disease marked by a
person being unable to
control their use of
alcohol
• Physically, an alcoholic’s
body requires alcohol to
function.
• Psychologically,
alcoholics consider
drinking a regular,
essential part of coping
with daily life.
The Stages of Alcoholism
• Stage 1 – Problem Drinking: social drinkers who
start to use alcohol to relieve stress or escape
from problems in their life.
• Stage 2 – Absolute Dependence: the drinker
becomes totally dependent on alcohol. He or she
can usually not stop after one drink, and feels a
constant need to drink.
• Stage 3 – Late Stage of Alcoholism: when
alcoholics lose their mental, emotional, and
physical health. Their entire life revolves around
drinking; they become isolated from society and
begin to experience serious health problems or
may even die.
Treating Alcoholism
• Acknowledging the Problem – the alcoholic must
acknowledge the problem and ask for help.
• Detoxification – this process involves removing
all alcohol from the person’s body. The alcoholic
will then suffer from withdrawal, which is
symptoms that occur when a dependent person
stops taking a drug, such as, irritability, rapid
heartbeat and sweating.
• Rehabilitation – the process of learning to cope
with everyday living without alcohol. Alcoholics
will receive counseling to understand their
disease and behavior.
Media Influences
Myth in Advertisements about alcohol:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Drinking is a risk-free activity.
You can’t survive without drinking.
Problem-drinking behaviors are normal.
Alcohol is a magic potion that can transform you.
Sports and alcohol go together.
If these products were truly dangerous, the media would tell us.
Alcoholic beverage companies promote moderation in drinking.
• Sample Alcohol Advertisements
http://www.stanford.edu/class/linguist34/advertisements/alcohol%
20ads/index.htm
Glamorized by the Media
• After analyzing the different advertisements that you saw on TV, in
magazines or on the internet, choose one that you thought had the
most swaying or appealing ad.
• Your job is to use that theme to create an anti-alcohol
advertisement that uses the same techniques and ideas.
Requirements:
• Colorful: ______/5 points
• Pictures or graphic: _____/3 points
• Caption or saying: _______/5 points
• Congruency to original ad: _____/2 points
• Total: _____/15 points
• Your target audience should be able to glimpse at your ad and
understand the message.
Legal and Illegal Drugs
Proper Use
• Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs – a medicine that
is sold legally in pharmacies and other stores
without a doctor’s prescription.
• Prescription drugs – a drug that can be obtained
only with a written order from a doctor and can
only be purchased at a pharmacy.
• By using the instructions on the label or following
the doctor’s orders to treat a medical condition,
is the proper use of these drugs.
Legal and Illegal Drugs
• Drug Misuse: the improper use of medicines
(prescription or OTC drugs). Examples would be
taking more than the prescribed amount or not
taking a drug for the correct period of time.
• Drug Abuse: when a drug is intentionally use
improperly or unsafely. Examples would be
abusing prescription pain killers or OTC cough
medicines to cause a “high”, rather than to treat
pain or a cough.
Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse
• Side effects – unwanted physical or mental effect
cause by a drug.
• Tolerance – drug use needs increasingly larger
amounts of the drug to achieve the original
effect.
• Dependence – the body develops a chemical
need for the drug and can’t function normally
without it.
• Withdrawal symptoms – nausea, vomiting,
headaches, fever, paranoia, seizures, death
Risk Factors
• A number of factors make it either more or
less likely that a teen will abuse drugs. They
include family factors, social factors, and
personal factors.
• How does each of these factors influence teen
drug abuse?
• How does each of these factors influence
teens choosing not to abuse drugs?
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Depressants
• Slow body functions by decreasing heart and
breathing rates and lowering blood pressure.
• Examples - Barbiturates, Sedatives, Painkillers,
Tranquilizers, Opiates, Heroin, Morphine,
Codeine, Alcohol, GHB
• Side effects – poor coordination, slurred
speech, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting,
impaired judgment, memory problems, and
drowsiness
Depressants
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Stimulants
• Increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
rate and alertness.
• Examples – Amphetamines, Speed,
Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Crack Cocaine,
Ecstasy
• Side effects – restlessness, rapid speech,
increased respiration, convulsions, stroke, loss
of appetite, nausea
Stimulants
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Hallucinogens
• Overload the brain with sensory information,
causing a distorted sense of reality.
• Examples – LSD (“acid”), Psilocybin
(“mushrooms”), PCP (“angel dust”), Ketamine,
Mescaline, Ecstasy
• Side Effects – hallucinations, flashbacks,
eliminated sensation of pain, schizophrenia
Hallucinogens
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Marijuana
• Is one of the most frequently abused
psychoactive drugs.
• Its main ingredient changes the way
information reaches and is acted upon by the
brain.
• Side Effects – distorted perceptions,
difficulties with thinking and problem solving,
loss of motor coordination, increased heart
rate, anxiety, paranoia
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Club Drugs
• Strength and quality of these drugs is
unpredictable and their effects are different
from person to person and are very
dangerous.
• Some people are unknowing victims of these
drugs; they are often referred to as “daterape” drugs.
• Examples – Ecstasy, Rohypnol, GHB, Ketamine
Club Drugs
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Inhalants
• A breathable chemical vapor that produces
mind-altering effects.
• Examples – glue, household cleaners, nail
polish remover, markers
• Side Effects – increased heart rate, depressed
brain function, cardiac arrest, suffocation, loss
of consciousness, death
Commonly Abused Drugs:
Steroids
• Synthetic drugs that are similar to the
hormone testosterone.
• Side Effects in Males – enlarged breasts,
sterility
• Side Effects in Females – facial hair growth,
deepening of voice
• Overall Side Effects – stunted growth, mood
swings, hair loss, acne