Transcript mycology - Young Katuri

MYCOLOGY
HISTORY…
150 YEARS BACK
AUGUSTINO BASSI in
Italy established that
a fungus Beauveria
bassiana was cause of
disease in silk worm
In 1910
RAYMOND JACQUES
SABOURAUD published
monumental work on
dermatophytes
“LESTEIGNES”
He is known as FATHER OF
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
Les Teignes lesions
 Many modern molecular
techniques and others were
developed to study the
medical mycology but some
are still in darkness…
ex:1.classification of
parafungal organisms
2.some organisms
such as Lacazia ioboi cultures
are not done successfully
Ecological group of fungi
1.Soil fungi
2.Aquatic fungi
3.Coprophilus fungi
4.Entomogenous fungi
5.Predacious fungi
6.Marine fungi
7.Osmophilic fungi
8.Thermophilic fungi
DEFNITION
The branch of biology which
deals with study of fungi
mushroom=mykes
=fungi in Latin
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
 Study of fungal
humans.
Epidemiology
Ecology
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment In
Myco as misnomer…
 prefix “Myco” has been given to
few bacteria
ex: Mycoplasma
mycobacterium
mycosis fungoides
???
MORPHOLOGY
 Fungi are eukaryotic protista
 rigid cell wall =chitin,mannan,
polysaccharides
cytoplasm membrane=sterols
contains true nucleus,
nuclear membrane,
paired chromosomes.
Glossary
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unicellular budding yeast
HYPHAE
MYCELIUM (vegetative and aerial)
SPORANGIOSPORES
CONIDIA
CONIDIOPHORES
ASCOSPORES
BASIDIUM
CLASSIFICATIONS…
 MORPHOLOGICAL
 TAXONOMICAL
Morphological classification
NAME
EXAMPLE
1.Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans
2.Yeastlike
Candida sps
3.Moulds
dermatophytes
4.Dimorphic
blastomycetes
Method of reproduction
SEVERAL FUNGAL
INFECTIONS ARE EMERGING…
WHY???
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
1.More aggressive treatment modalities
2. Immunocompremised
3.AIDS
4.Prosthetic devices
5.Antibiotics
6.Iv drug abusing
7.Catheter usage
 These predisposed factors leads to
increased chances of fungal
infections…
 The same fungal agent can
produce different manifestations
depending on underlying
situation
 Based on the wide spectrum of
adaptability various fungi are
categorized in to
1.pathogenic fungi
2.opportunistic fungi
3.toxigenic fungi
4.allergenic fungi
Based on primary
site of infection
1.superficial mycosis
tinea or ring worm
2.cutaneous mycosis
dermatophytosis
3.sub cutaneous mycosis
mycotic mycetoma
4.systemic mycosis
coccidiomycosis
5.opportunistic mycosis
aspergillosis
EMERGING AND
REMERGING DISEASES
 Out breaks due to fungal
infections do occur but only in
SPORADIC forms and epidemic
have not been reported
ex :incidence of cryptococcal
meningitis cases by cryptococcus
neoformans has increased
1000fold in new York city alone
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1.DIRECT MICROSCOPY
KOH preparation
Calcoflour white
Gram staining
Indian ink
preparation
CULTURE: SDA agar
BHI agar
czapek dox medium
corn meal agar
incubated at22c for 1wk
identification
3.Serological tests : agglutinations
CFT,CIE
ELISA,RIA
4.Skintests:histoplasmin test
5.Molecular methods: PCR,DNA probes
6.Typing methods
7.Animal inoculation
SIGNIFICANCE OF
FUNGI
USES
1.Recycling
2.As food
3.Flavouring agents
4.Russian or Manchurian tea
5.Fermentation
6.Antibiotic preparation
7.ergot-claviceps(as vasoconstricting agent)
8.Vaccine preparation and many more….
Harmful effects
1.Fungal diseases
2.Mycotoxicosis
3.Mycetismus
4.Bread moulds
5.Biological warfare's