Transcript Document

Overview of Drugs in Our
Society
7/7/2015
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What Role Do
Drugs Play in
Our Societywhat’s the
impact?
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Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’
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Prevalence of Problem
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50% of emergency room admissions
1/3 of psychiatric admissions
25% of completed suicides addicted to
alcohol
Prevalent in psychiatric conditions in
adolescents
56% of domestic violence cases
50% of homicides
Illicit drug use is major cause of ischemic
strokes
Nearly ½ of all traffic fatalities
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Hinsdale South Assets Survey
Sophomore Stats
December 2009
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Alcohol
One or more drinks in the
last 30 days?
69% NO
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Alcohol
Drunk 1 or more times in
the last 2 weeks?
79% NO
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Tobacco
Smoke cigarettes 1 or
more times in the last 30
days?
87% NO
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Smokeless Tobacco
Used smokeless tobacco 1
or more times in the last
12 months
96% NO
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Marijuana
Used 1 or more times in
the last 12 months?
79% NO
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Other illicit (illegal) drugs
Used 1 or more times in the
last 12 months?
96% NO
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Driving and Alcohol
Drove after drinking 1 or
more times in the last 12
months?
96% NO
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Driving and Alcohol
Rode 1 or more times with
someone who was drinking in
the last 12 months?
63% NO
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Why do people use drugs?
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Curiosity and Availability
To Get High
Self-medication
Confidence
Energy
Pain Relief
Anxiety Control
Internal/External Peer Pressure
Social Confidence
Boredom Relief
Deal w/ Isolation
Competitive Edge
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The worst reason…..
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How are Depression and Drug Use Related?
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Why use? VS. Why continue to use?
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Dependence/Addiction- person
continues to use drug despite
negative consequences
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Psychological- person believes
that a drug is needed in order to
feel good or function properly
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Physiological- user has a chemical
need for the drug
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Withdrawal
When an addictive behavior is
stopped or an addictive substance
is withdrawn from use, withdrawal
symptoms almost always follow.
Depending on the behavior or substance:
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sweating and fever
restless behavior and anxiety
abdominal and muscle cramps (even convulsions)
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea.
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Tolerance
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Tolerance can develop with regular use. This occurs
when the person becomes used to taking drugs of
abuse and the drug no longer provides the same
effect as it did when first taken. Tolerance can
occur with regular use of most drugs of abuse.
A person needs more of a drug to get the same initial
effects.
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What is a Psychoactive Drug?
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: Any substance that directly
alters the normal functioning of
the CNS and brain activity
The major classifications of drugs
are uppers (stimulants), downers
(depressants), pain killers (opiates)
“all-arounders” (psychedelics or
hallucinogens).
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Uppers or Stimulants
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Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, diet
pills, caffeine, tobacco, ecstasy
Short-term effects: ^ energy, ^ HR
& BP
Withdrawal and Long-term effects:
Jitteriness, anger, depletion of
energy, paranoia, damage to heart,
lungs, and BV’s, depression,
suicidal thoughts, dependence
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Downers or Depressants
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Ex: Alcohol, barbiturates, GHB,
rohypnol. Opiates can have
depressant effects, too.
Short-term effects: Depress
circulatory, respiratory, & muscular
systems. Stronger opiates initially
cause euphoria
Long-term effects: nervousness,
depression, dependence, liver
damage, malnutrition
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All-Arounders or Hallucinogens
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Ex: Marijuana, LSD, PCP, DXM,
ecstasy, psilocybin mushrooms, and
peyote.
Short-term effects: Illusions,
hallucinations, & confused
sensations, ^heart rate & b.p.,
tremors, sweating, sleeplessness
Long-term effects: bad trips, panic,
confusion, anxiety, schizophrenia,
loss of control, flashbacks
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Opiates
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Also known as narcotics and
pain killers
Ex: Morphine, opium,
oxycodone, codeine and
heroin
Abuse causes: drowsiness,
constipation, slow breathing,
convulsions, coma, death
Infected needle sharing with
the use of heroin can spread
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HIV and hepatitis B
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Adam Drewnowski at the University of Michigan
researched whether chocolate triggers the
production of opioids. Opioids are chemicals, such
as those found in opium,that produce a feeling of
well-being (euphoria). Drewnowski found that
eating chocolate causes the brain to produce natural
opiates, which dull pain and increase a feeling of
well-being. This may be a reason why we like to eat
chocolate! And dark chocolate contains more of
these compounds than milk chocolate.
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