Transcript Opiates - nolanryan

NARCOTIC
ANALGESICS (OPIATES)
Wendy McGurk
WHAT ARE OPIATES
• Opium poppy, has been cultivated throughout history
• 6000 Sumerian tablet has an ideograph for the poppy
shown as “joy” + “plant”
• Egyptions listed opium along with 700 other medicines
in the Ebers Papyrus
• The Greek god of sleep, Hypnos & and the Roman god
of sleep, Somnus were portrayed carrying containers of
opium pods
WHAT ARE OPIATES (CONT.)
• Opiates are a class of drug that acts primarily on
the bodies opiate receptors.
• Opiates are classified as a narcotic
• Opiates act by depressing the CNS
• Opiates are used primarily for there analgesic
effects, but also for there cough suppressant
properties.
THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF OPIATES
1)
The naturally occurring opiates are those which
are found in the opium resin of the opium poppy.
2)
The semi-synthetic opiates are derived from the
naturally occurring opiates and opium alkaloids.
3)
Synthetic opiates are synthesized from other
chemicals and molecules that are not from alkaloids
found in opium
COMMON NARCOTICS (OPIATES )
• Heroin (illegal)
Hydromorphone
• Morphine
Propoxyphene
• Methadone
Meperidine
• Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
• Codeine
Diphenoxylate
• Tramadol
Opium tincture
• Fentanyl
Buprenorphine
STREET NAMES
• Heroin: Horse, Smack thunder, Chiva, Hell Dust,
Big H, Black tar,
• Morphine: Dreamer, Morpho, Miss Emma,
Monkey, Unkie, Mister Blue
• Codeine: Schoolboy, Cough syrup, T-three’s
• Hydrocodone: Vikes, Viko, Norco, Hydro.
• Oxycodone: Hillbilly Heroin, OC, Oxy, Roxy
THERAPEUTIC USES OF OPIATES
• Most common is use to relieve pain
• Including visceral, and somatic
• Internal organs and skeletal (bones, muscle, teeth)
• Suppress the coughing center of the brain
• Cough medicine
• Slow movement of materials in intestines
• Treat severe diarrhea
• Treatment of opiate addiction
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Opiates general slow breathing, heart
rate, and brain activity.
• Opiates depress appetite, thirst, and
sexual desire.
• Body’s tolerance to pain is increased
• Use of unsterile needles can lead to
Hepatitis, Tetanus or AIDS.
Side effects
•
Shallow breathing
•
Drowsiness
•
Lethargy
•
Needle or track marks
on inner arms or other
parts of the body.
•
Nodding out
•
Constricted pupils
•
Withdrawal symptoms
•
Redness or raw
nostrils from sniffing
heroin
WITHDRAWAL EFFECTS
• Exaggerated pain
responses
• Agitation/anxiety/insomnia
• Stomach
cramps/vomiting/diarrhea
• Joint/muscle
aches/twitches
• Runny
nose/perspiration/tears
Flu-like symptoms/fever
Craving for the drug
High blood pressure
Hot/cold flashes
Withdrawal effects
usually starts 6 to 12
hours after last dose.
• Isn’t fatal, but feels like
you are dying.
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PEOPLE WHO USE OPIATES HAVE
SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES OF
These are higher risks when sharing
needles
• Bone Fractures
• Cardiovascular events
• Kidney disease
• Gastrointestinal events
• HIV or AIDS
• Hepatitis B & C
Intravenous and intramuscular
TREATMENT
• The primary method of treating and
managing opioid addiction and dependence
has been with the use of other opioid
drugs.
• These replacement drugs function to
essentially wean the user off of opioid use.
• Suboxone and Methadone
TREATMENT
• Buprenorphine
• Vivitrol (extended form release of naltrexone)
• Rapid Detox
• Alcoholic Anonymous
• Narcotics Anonymous
• Counseling
6 WAYS TO SEE IF YOUR CHILD
MAY BE AN OPIATE ADDICT
• if you are missing prescription medication in
your house
• Falling asleep at very odd times during the day
then this could also be a sign of opiate addiction
• Your child will have the need to get high all the
time, so be on the lookout for missing
electronics or other items of value in your house.
6 WAYS TO SEE IF YOUR CHILD
MAY BE AN OPIATE ADDICT (CONT.)
• having a hard time at school and this includes
socializing less with friends or maybe they have lost
friends or failed a class.
• Watch how much money your child goes through in a
typical week and pay attention to amounts of money
that they might ask you for
• pay attention to the physical signs of opiate addiction
especially relating to intravenous injection of drugs like
Heroin. Look for obvious signs such as track marks
YOU CAN FIND HELP
• For some addicts, the beginning of treatment is
detoxification
• No single approach to detoxification is guaranteed to
be best for all addicts
• If you think you are addicted you should be evaluated
by a mental health professional as soon as possible.
Or you can look at a newspaper and find your local
Narcotics Anonymous meetings, and someone there
can help you find your path.
REFERENCES
• NIDA Treatment for Opiate Addiction,
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/topics-in-brief/buprenorphinetreatment-opiate-addiction-right-in-doctors-office
• Opiate Use has Long-Term Health Risk,
http://www.theexigencegroup.com/news/intelligence/article:opiate-use-maypose-long-term-health-risks-/
• Opiate Abuse, http://www.genesishouse.net/article-Opiate-Abuse.html
• Drug Fact Sheet, http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/all_fact_sheets.pdf
• Types of Opiates,
https://sites.google.com/site/opiateaddictionresource/opiates/types_of_opiate
• Drugs and Society, Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, (2012).