Transcript Drug Categories Power point

THE TRUTH ABOUT DRUGS
8TH GRADE HEALTH
Mr. De Oliveira
Categories of Drugs
Stimulants
 Depressants
 Hallucinogens
 Narcotics
 Opiates
 Over The Counter
 Performance Enhancing
 Club Drugs
Vitamins and Natural Drugs
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STIMULANTS
Stimulants
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These drugs speed up the body’s nervous
system and create a feeling of energy.
They are also called “uppers” because of their
ability to make you feel very awake.
Stimulants have the opposite effect of
depressants.
When the effects of a stimulant wear off, the
user is typically left with feelings of sickness
and a loss of energy.
Examples of Stimulants
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Cocaine
Crack Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines – Crystal Meth
Ritalin
Cocaine is a white crystalline
powder made from the dried
leaves of the coca plant.
Originally, Cocaine was
developed as a pain killer.
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Cocaine wasn't even illegal until
1914 (11 years in Coca-Cola)
Street Names for Cocaine:
coke, snow, blow, nose candy,
white, big C
How They're Used: Cocaine
is inhaled through the nose or
injected, it can also be
ingested or rubbed into
mucous tissues (gums).
Cocaine
Crack
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Crack, named for its crackle when
heated, is made from cocaine.
Crack is the most potent form in which
cocaine appears. It is also the riskiest.
Between 75 and 100% pure.
Street Names: 24 – 7, Apple jacks,
Candy, Dice, Jelly Beans, Nuggets, Snow
coke.
Amphetamines
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Amphetamines are stimulants that accelerate
functions in the brain and body.
Acts like adrenaline, a hormone that is one of the
body’s natural stimulants.
They come in pills or tablets. Prescription diet
pills also fall into this category of drugs.
Street Names: speed, uppers, and bennies
How They're Used: Amphetamines are
swallowed, inhaled, or injected.
Amphetamines
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Effects & Dangers:
Swallowed or snorted, these drugs hit users with a fast high,
making them feel alert.
Uppers pump up heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, and
they can also cause sweating, shaking, headaches, sleeplessness,
and blurred vision.
Prolonged use may cause hallucinations and intense paranoia.
Addictiveness: Amphetamines are psychologically addictive.
Users who stop report that they experience various mood
problems such as aggression and anxiety and intense cravings
for the drugs.
Crystal Meth
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Crystal Meth is short for Methamphetamine.
It is a white crystalline drug that people take by
snorting, smoking, or injecting with a needle.
Meth ingredients- battery acid, drain cleaner,
lantern fuel, and antifreeze.
Considered a “club drug.”
Highly addictive, meth burns up the body’s
resources and creates a devastating dependence.
Street Names: Batu, Blade, Crystal, Glass, Hot
Ice,
Results of Crystal Meth
BEFORE & AFTER
RITALIN
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Ritalin is the common name for
methylphenidate. (Prescription Drug)
Even when Ritalin is prescribed it may have
severe side effects: nervousness, insomnia,
anorexia, pulse changes, suicidal thoughts and
aggression.
Because Ritalin is easy to get a hold of,
students will often use it to stay awake and
focused for a big exam.
Street Names: Diet Coke, Kiddie Cocaine,
Vitamin R, R-Ball, Poor Mans Cocaine, Rids
DEPRESSANTS
Alcohol
 Barbiturates
 Tranquillizers
 GHB (Gammahydroxybutyrate)
 Rohypnol
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Depressants
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Depressants - slow down activity in the
central nervous system of your body.
These drugs are also called “downers”
because they slow the body down and
seem to give feelings of relaxation.
Depressants are available as prescription
drugs to relieve stress and anger,
although drowsiness is often a side
effect.
ALCOHOL
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Alcohol - depresses your central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord), lowers inhibitions and impairs
judgment.
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Alcohol is only legal after the age of 21. This is because it will
impact the body and brain development.
Drinking large amounts can lead to a coma or
death!
Mixing alcohol with medications or illicit drugs is
extremely dangerous and can lead to death.
Alcohol leads to a loss of coordination, slowed
reflexes, distorted vision, memory lapses and
blackouts.
ALCOHOL EFFECTS
Short Term Effects
 Feeling warm
 Flushed skin
 Impaired judgment
 Lack of coordination
 Slurred speech
 Memory
 Comprehension loss
 Nausea
 Shakiness
 Vomiting
Long Term Effects
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Liver damage
Heart disease
Pregnant women can
harm their baby.
Tolerance can be
developed from drinking
alcohol regularly, this will
result in the ability to
drink more.
Barbiturates
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Barbiturates were once among
the most widely used
depressants, prescribed by
doctors to induce relaxation and
sleep.
Like other depressants,
barbiturates are sold on the illicit
market or are legally prescribed
by physicians.
An overdose can cause dilated
pupils, shallow breathing,
clammy skin, weak and rapid
pulse, coma, and death.
Tranquillizers
Minor
Major
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Are used to reduce the
hallucinations,
delusions, and
emotional intensity of
severe cognitiveaffective disorders, such
as schizophrenia.
These drugs are rarely
abused, but can become
addictive.
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“Minor" tranquilizers are a big
problem, and can be highly
addictive .
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The American Psychiatric
Association estimates that
more than 60 million
prescriptions are issued for
the drugs in the United States
each year.
GHB
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GHB, or gamma hydroxybutyrate, is often made in
home basement labs, usually in the form of a liquid
with no odor or color and is tasteless.
It has gained popularity at dance clubs and raves and
is a popular alternative to Ecstasy for some teens and
young adults.
GHB affects your self-control. It has been used in
"date rape" and other assaults because it is a
tasteless, odorless substance that can be unknowingly
ingested and causes amnesia. No amount is safe!!!!
According to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), since
1995 GHB has killed more users than Ecstasy.
Street Names: Liquid Ecstasy, G, Georgia Home Boy
Rohypnol
Rohypnol- is a prescription antianxiety medication that is 10 times
more powerful than Valium.
 Rohypnol has received a lot of
attention because of its association
with “Date Rape”.
 Street Names: roofies, roach, forget-me
pill, date rape drug.
Many teen girls and women report having
been raped after having Rohypnol slipped
into their drinks. The drug also causes
amnesia (blackouts).
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Hallucinogens
“Hearing colors and
Seeing sounds”
HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS
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Hallucinogenic drugs, also known as
‘psychedelics’, they are drugs that change the
way a person perceives the world.
Hallucinogens affect all the senses, altering a
person's thinking, sense of time and emotions.
They can cause a person to hallucinate — to
see or hear things that do not exist or are
distorted.
Some grow naturally, in trees, vines, seeds,
fungi and leaves. Others are manufactured in
laboratories.
Common Hallucinogenic Drugs
LSD
Magic Mushrooms (shrooms)
 Ketamine
 Ecstasy
 Cannabis or Marijuana
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
-is a lab-brewed hallucinogen and mood-
changing chemical.
LSD: is odorless, colorless, and
tasteless.
Street Names: acid, blotter, doses,
microdots
How It's Used: LSD is licked or sucked
off small squares of blotting paper.
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Users often have flashbacks in
which they feel some of the
effects of LSD at a later time
without having used the drug
again. (The drug is stored in the
spinal fluid which causes later
effects)
LSD
Dangers and Effects of LSD
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Hallucinations occur within 30 to 90 minutes of
dropping acid.
People say their senses are intensified and
distorted - they see colors or hear sounds with
other delusions such as melting walls and a loss
of any sense of time.
Effects are unpredictable!!!!!
Once an acid trip begins, you can't get off until
the drug is finished with you - at times up to
about 12 hours or even longer!
Bad trips may cause panic attacks, confusion,
depression, and frightening delusions.
Magic Mushrooms
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Magic mushrooms are usually eaten fresh,
cooked, or brewed into a tea. Occasionally, they
may be mixed with tobacco or cannabis and
smoked.
It is easy to mistake poisonous mushrooms for
those containing “Psilocybin”.
Certain kinds of poisonous mushrooms can cause
death or permanent liver damage within hours
of ingestion.
Street Names: Shrooms, mushies, magics,
golden tops, blue meanies, liberty caps.
What do Magic Mushrooms Look Like?
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Magic mushrooms look much like ordinary dried
mushrooms, or they come as a powdered
material in capsules.
Synthetic psilocybin appears as a white
crystalline powder that may be formulated into
tablets or capsules, or dissolved in a liquid.
Ketamine
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Ketamine hydrochloride is a quick-acting
anesthetic that is legally used in both humans
(as a sedative for minor surgery) and animals
(as a tranquilizer).
At high doses, it causes intoxication and
hallucinations similar to LSD.
Street Names: K, Special K, vitamin K, bump,
cat Valium
How It's Used: Ketamine usually comes in
powder that users snort. Users often do it
along with other drugs such as Ecstasy, cocaine
or sprinkle it on marijuana blunts.
Dangers of Ketamine
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Effects & Dangers:
Users may become delirious, hallucinate, and
lose their sense of time and reality. The trip also called K-hole - that results from
Ketamine use lasts up to 2 hours.
At higher doses, Ketamine causes movement
problems, body numbness, and slowed
breathing.
Overdosing on Ketamine can stop you from
breathing - and kill you.
Ecstasy
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Ecstasy (MDMA)
This is a designer drug created by underground
chemists.
It comes in powder, tablet, or capsule form.
Ecstasy is a popular club drug among teens
because it is widely available at raves, dance
clubs, and concerts.
Street Names: XTC, X, Adam, E, Roll
How It's Used: Ecstasy is swallowed or
sometimes snorted.
Effects & Dangers:
This drug combines a hallucinogenic
with a stimulant effect.
Ecstasy- causes dry mouth, cramps,
blurred vision, chills, sweating,
increased heart rate and nausea.
It raises the bodies temperature to
the point of death!!!!!!!!!.
Sometimes users clench their jaws
while using. May use a pacifier to
relieve this.
Many users also experience
depression, paranoia, anxiety, and
confusion.
Addictiveness: Teens who use it can
become psychologically dependent
upon it to feel good, deal with life,
or handle stress.
Ecstasy
MARIJUANA
Cannabis or Marijuana
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The most widely used illegal drug in the United States
Marijuana - resembles green, brown, or gray dried parsley
with stems or seeds.
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THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)- is a chemical responsible for “Most” of
Marijuana’s mental and physical affects on people.
Marijuana- is often called A Gate Way Drug because
frequent use often leads to the use of stronger drugs.
Street Names: pot, weed, blunts, chronic, grass, reefer,
herb, ganja
How It's Used: Marijuana is typically smoked in cigarette
(joints), hollowed-out cigars (blunts), pipes (bowls), or
water pipes (bongs). Some people mix it into foods or
brew it as a tea.
Marijuana
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Effects & Dangers:
Marijuana can affect mood and coordination. Users may
experience mood swings that range from stimulated or
happy to drowsy or depressed.
Marijuana also elevates heart rate and blood pressure.
Some people get red eyes and feel very sleepy or hungry.
Marijuana is 4 times tougher on the lungs than cigarettes steady smokers suffer coughs, wheezing, and frequent
colds.
Addictiveness: Teens who use marijuana can become
psychologically dependent upon it. In addition, their bodies
will build a tolerance.
Opiates
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Opium
Heroin
Oxycodone
Morphine
OPIATES
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Opiates- such as codeine, oxycodone and morphine
are depressants that are prescribed by doctor’s to
relieve severe pain.
These legal drugs need medical supervision because
of there highly addictive potential in excess amounts.
Opiate drugs are often bought illegally from
individuals who fake or exaggerate medical problems
when talking to doctors so they can get prescriptions
for opiates to be sold on the streets.
Heroin
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Heroin –is a highly addictive white or brown powder or brown
sticky tar made from opium poppies. (Heroin is converted into
morphine when it reaches the brain).
Heroin works as a depressant that is highly addictive and
dangerous because of it’s ability to suppress the respiratory
system which can lead to death.
Heroin when used through injection will cause a 5-8 euphoria
also known as the “Rush” and then quickly comes to period of
sedation and tranquility known as being “on the nod,” which may
last up to an hour
Heroin can be snorted, injected or smoked. However users
revert to injections because they receive immediate effects.
As a result heroin users are more at risk of catching HIV
Hepatitis B or C, and can ultimately collapse there veins.
Heroin Addicts Using
Heroin being prepared for
injections
Heroin being Injected
Prescription drugs
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Prescription drugs- are medicines that are
prescribed to a patient by a doctor to manage pain,
treat or cure a health condition such as pain, mental
disease, diabetes, cancer, or common infections
These drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) and are shown to have medical
benefits when prescribed and taken exactly as
directed by a health provider
Over the Counter Drugs
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Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs- are medications that
can be purchased at a pharmacy, grocery, or
convenience store without a prescription to treat the
symptoms of common colds or pains, such as a
headache.
One type of over-the-counter medication that is
especially dangerous when abused is
Dextromethorphan (DXM), which is found in many
types of cough syrup.
Examples: Tylenol, Advil (ibuprofen), Motrin, Cough
Syrups, Allergy medication etc.
Performance Enhancing Drugs
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Anabolic ("muscle-building")- steroids are man-made substances
closely linked to the male hormone testosterone.
Affects:
Males: Steroids raise testosterone levels in males and estrogen
levels which cause female characteristics.
Females: Steroids raise testosterone levels in females and
lower estrogen level in females.
Anabolic steroids are available by prescription only to treat
certain medical conditions. They are only safe for use when
taken under a doctor's care and supervision
Steroid abuse is often an attempt to gain more
muscle mass — which can lead to serious health
problems, some of which are irreversible.
Drugs Reviewed
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http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth
/drugabuse/