Transcript Chapter 35 Section 5

Chapter 35 Section 5
Drugs and the Nervous system
Biology pgs. 910-914
drug
A ________
is any substance, other than
food, that changes the structure or
function of the body.
 Some drugs, such as cocaine and heroin
are illegal. Other drugs, such as penicillin
and codeine are prescribed by doctors.
Still other drugs, including cough
medicines can be purchased over the
counter.
All
harmful
 _____
drugs can be _______
if used
improperly or abused.


differ
Drugs ________
in the ways in which
they affect the body.
 Some kill bacteria and are useful in treating
disease.
 Others affect a particular system of the body.
 Others cause changes to the brain and synapses.

Stimulants
Stimulants
 ______________
increase heart rate, blood pressure, and
breathing rate. In addition, stimulants increase the release
of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain.
 Common stimulants include amphetamines, cocaine,
caffeine
nicotine, and ___________.
◦ Depressants
Depressants
 ______________
slow down heart rate and
breathing rate, lower blood pressure, relax
muscles, and relieve tension.
 Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol are some
examples of depressants.
◦ Cocaine
 Cocaine causes the sudden release in the brain of
dopamine
a neurotransmitter called _____________.
 Cocaine also acts as a powerful stimulant.
◦ Opiates
Opiates
 ___________
mimic endorphins which normally
help to overcome sensations of pain.
morphine
 Common opiates include ____________
and
codeine.
◦ Marijuana
 The most widely abused illegal drug is marijuana.
 Marijuana comes from Cannabis sativa, a hemp
plant.
 Hashish, or hash, is a potent form of marijuana.
 The active ingredient in marijuana is
THC
__________.

Long-term use of marijuana can result in:
memory
 loss of ____________
 inability to concentrate
reduced
 in males, ____________
levels of the hormone
testosterone in males
depressant
 Alcohol is a ___________
that slows down the
rate at which the central nervous system
functions.
 Alcohol slows down reflexes, disrupts
coordination, and impairs judgment.

Heavy drinking fills the blood with so
much alcohol that the central nervous
cannot
system ___________
function properly.

People who drink a lot of alcohol usually
cannot walk or talk properly, and they are
safely
not able to _______
control an
automobile.
Pregnant
 ___________
women who drink alcohol
risk having a child with FAS.


Fetal
___________
alcohol syndrome (FAS)
is a group of birth defects caused by the
effects of alcohol on the fetus.
FAS can cause minor to serious
brain damage
______________,
heart defects,
malformed faces, delayed growth, and
poor motor development.
◦ Alcohol and Disease
 People who have become addicted to alcohol
suffer from a disease called ______________.
alcoholism
 If a person cannot function properly without
satisfying the craving for alcohol, that person has
abuse
an alcohol-_______
problem.
liver
 Long-term alcohol use destroys _______
cells.

Drug Abuse
 Drug abuse is the intentional misuse of any drug
for nonmedical purposes.
 Drug abuse can cause psychological dependence
damage
or serious physical ____________
to the body.
Uncontrollable dependence on a drug is
Addiction
called an ____________.
 Some drugs cause a strong psychological
dependence, or mental craving.
