Transcript India was not poor! (1)

Science &Technology for
Resurgent India
By
Dr T.H. CHOWDARY
Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies
Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )
Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &
Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra Pradesh
T: +91(40) 5567-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 5567-1111, 2789-6103
[email protected]
[email protected]
Talk @ Osmania University: 8th Feb
2008
S & T for Wealth Creation
World GDP per Person, 1000=100
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1000
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1200
1400
1600
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1800
2000
2
World Population and the Poor
Year
1820
1980
2000
2007
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Population
1.1 billion
5 billion
6 billion
6.5 bln
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% of the Poor
85%
30%
20%
18%
3
Time taken to double
the per capita income (1)
Country
UK
USA
Years
58
47
Since
1780
1840 1880
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Japan Indonesia S.Korea
33
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China
17
13
10
1965
1970
1978
4
Time taken to double
the per capita income (2)
GDP Growth
Population
Time taken
3.5%
2.8%
70 Y
6.5%
1.8%
15 Y
10.0%
1.0%
7Y
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Share of World’s GDP *
India
China
Japan
USA
Europe
Rest of
the
World
1AD
33
27
1
0
14
25
1500AD
25
25
3
0
21
26
1820AD
15
33
3
2
27
20
1870AD
12
17
2
9
38
22
1913AD
8
8
4
21
39
20
1950AD
4
5
3
28
31
29
1973AD
3
5
8
23
29
32
2001AD
4
7
8
23
21
37
2008AD
6
13
7
21
19
34
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*(in%)
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(Source: Economic Times, 29/1/08)
India was not poor!
(1)
India’s Share in World Trade
Year
Wealth
Trade
1701
22.6%
25%
1947
NA
2.4%
1990
NA
0.4%
2006
1.5%
1.8%
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India was not poor!
Share of World’s Industrial
Production
INDIA
BRITAIN
1830
17.5
9.6
1900
1.7
18.6
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India held in high esteem
When Alexander set out to invade India, he went to his teacher,
Aristotle and asked what Guru Dakshina he would want to be
brought from India. Aristotle told him to bring a pail of Ganga Jel and
the instrument Venu, the flute of Lord Krishna.
“India is becoming the sink of the World’s gold”
- Pliny, Roman Historian
“An Ocean named after – not England, France, Portugal, Netherlands,
America, Spain, Russia, China…..but India
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Content of GDP (Figs. in %)
Agri
Developed <5%
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Industry Service
25
70
Developing
30 to 40 20 to 25 35 to 50
India
18
27
55
China
15
55
30
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India developed
• Population must be stabilised to sustain
economic growth
• Education for all
• Health for all
• Vision and Enterprise
• Military Power; projectable anywhere
• Generate knowledge ( R&D; Discovery;
Innovation)
• Ethics ,morality, spiritual (Ritam, Satyam)
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India developed
• Education for all (SSC); Graduation for the
aspiring.
• Population: Stabilised consistent with wealth
creation.
• Health for all : No malnutrition & no Epidemics
• Vision and Enterprise
• Diffusion of wealth and knowledge for the entire
human race
• Ethics ,morality, spiritual
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Development
• Economic : wealth, health, trade, military
power
• Intellectual : R&D, discovery, innovation
• Social : equity, inequality, access, mobility
• Ethical: India's concept of globalisation
Not only economic and markets but of
knowledge, prosperity and preservation of
the environment
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Poverty & Inequity
• No society, nation can be accepted as developed unless
both are minimised (elimination impossible ?)
• Equal inputs: unequal outcomes
• Uneven distribution of natural resources (also human
resources)
• S&T to create wealth, to increase productivity of soil
and men and mind
• Machines to work , men to think – drudgery and ruined
jobs to be minimised
• (eg: Toyota factory near Tokyo, Japan produces 100,000
cars a day but has only 55 men and 366 robots)
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Nation is respected
(Super Power)
• Economic strength
• Intellectual excellence, knowledge
creation, R&D
• Military strength
• Global exertion and concern
• Ethical/Moral values it promotes
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Global View of Bharat
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vasudhaiva kutumbakam
Aa noh bhadraah ritavo yaantu viswatah
Lokaah samasta sukhinoh bhavantu
Isaa vaasyamidam jagat,
Tyaktena bhujithaa
Maa gridhah..
Sahanaavavatu,
Sahanau bhunaktu
Sahaveeryam karavaavahaih
Maa vidvishaavahaiah
Tejaswinaavadheetamastu
• Om Santih, Santih, Santih
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Intellectual Property Generation
• Just 12 mln ( <8%) out of 160 mln young in the age
group 17-22 are in the universities.
• World Average: 23.2%
• Developed countries average: 54.6%
• Countries in transition ( eg: Brazil): 36.5%
• India: > 11.0%
• Asian Countries: 22.0%
• We produce every year
Engineers
MBAs
MCAs
450,000
80,000
80,000
Numbers larger than any other country in the world
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How Equipped is India for Higher Education
Country
Korea
Israel
Lesotho
UK
USA
Australia
China
India
Population No of Uni- To be on par with the country
versities of comparison; Varsities
(million)
India needs to have
45
120
3000
6
10
1700
2
2
1000
50
170
3400
280
1700
6100
18
39
2200
1200
2000
1800
1000
310
----
*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District
* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.
•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.
•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities
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Indian students Abroad
USA UK Australia Singapore New Zealand
> 88K
25K
10K
8K
3K
We spend: $4.0 bln (Rs. 1,60,000 crores)
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Some Foreign Companies’
Employees in India
GE
Caps
GE Dev
IBM
Oracle
EDS
Texas
16,000
1,800
10,000
6000
3,500
900
Intel
JP
Morgan
HUWAI
Siemens Motorola
1,700
1,200
1,500
2000
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1,700
20
What our Entrepreneurs are
achieving(1)
• Rs.90 K crores; 300 foreign companies
• India’s 3rd largest investor in UK; we own
500 cos. In UK
• 25% of the companies in Silicon Valley &
New England in the USA are Indianowned.
• Steel Giants Mittal ( Arcelor…) largest in
the world Tata ( Corus) Rs. 53,000
crores!
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What our Entrepreneurs are
achieving (2)
• Dr. Reddy’s (Beta Pharma of German Rs. 2,200 cr)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ranbaxy
Private bodies in R&D & education
TIFR; IISC; BITS
Dabur; Alembic; Ogale
Annamalai
Saugor
BHU & AMU
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Software Exports
40,000
31,000
23,000
16,560
12,500
2,650 3,900
1,750
734 1,085
5,500
6,800 8,000
10,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 24- 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Jun
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Employment in Indian IT
sector*,’000
Call-centers (ITES)
Software
Multinational operations
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2000
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'01
'02
'03+
(* Years ending March; + Estimate
@ break-up: NA)
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'04+
'06+
'07+
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Dhanyawad:
Thankyou
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