Transcript Presentation

The Southern African
Development Community
SADC Countries
Name three
national
leaders in
SADC
countries.
Which
countries
have had civil
war in the
past decade?
Name at least 3
countries who
colonized parts of
Southern Africa.
Which
countries
have >10%
arable land?
What’s missing
from this
map?
Major River Basins in the SADC
SADC – Brief History
• Grew out of anti-apartheid movement
• Has largely been a funnel for foreign aid
for national projects
• Has a very broad agenda aimed at
economic development
• Has adopted protocols on water
management, has outlined a management
plan for the Zambezi River Basin
• Recently established a water sector
The Okavango Delta
Water & National Sovereignty
1. In Turton’s paper, he describes the issues
surrounding the Okavango River Basin and
asks if Botswana has been “checkmated”? Do
you think “checkmate” is a good outcome?
Why or why not?
2. What are some other factors that threaten
national sovereignty? How does the lack of
strong national sovereignty enhance regional
cooperation regarding water resources? How
does it threaten regional cooperation?
3. What are some key features of a successful
regional structure in this setting?
Water Scarcity in the SADC
SADC
Country
Total water
Country Water per Population
Country Water per
available population
person
growth population
person
(km3)
2000
2000
rate (%)
2025
2025
(millions)
(m3/p/y)
(millions)
(m3/p/y)
Angola
205.0
12.9
15,888
2.15
22.0
9,335
Botswana
1.6
1.6
976
0.76
2.0
808
DRC
1019.0
52.0
19,579
3.19
114.1
8,930
Lesotho
5.2
2.2
2,412
1.65
3.2
1,602
Malawi
17.5
10.8
1,624
1.61
16.1
1,089
Mozambique
117.0
20.0
5,856
1.47
28.8
4,066
Namibia
2.7
1.7
1,553
1.57
2.6
1,052
South Africa
52.8
43.3
1,220
0.50
49.0
1,077
Swaziland
2.8
0.9
3,017
1.22
1.3
2,228
Tanzania
80.0
33.7
2,371
2.57
63.6
1,257
Zambia
127.0
9.2
13,818
1.95
14.9
8,526
Zimbabwe
15.5
13.1
1,182
0.26
14.0
1,108
4.
Should interbasin water transfer schemes be considered as a
means of providing water to under-served areas? Or,
alternatively, should governments provide incentives for
relocation to areas with adequate water supply?
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GDP in $US Billions
SADC – GDP’s
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400
350
300
250
200
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GDP in $US per Capita
SADC – Per Capita GDP’s
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10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
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Country
Water and Poverty
• “Water deprivation is an intrinsic dimension of
the general state of deprivation that is poverty.”
• The South African Bill of Rights guarantees the
right of access to sufficient water.
• 6.5 million have been supplied with access to
clean water since 1994. Seven million people
still get water from streams, boreholes, etc.
• Much of South Africa’s water is used for
irrigation on white-owned farms.
5. Do you think the use of
pre-paid meters is a
good option to
consider in extending
water services? Why or
why not?
6. Is 6000 L/mo an
appropriate amount for
“essential-to-life” water?
Who should pay the cost
of providing this water
for free?