Transcript In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild

In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild
Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region
CWR conservation planning in the
SADC region
Joana Magos Brehm, Hannes Gaisberger, Eve Allen, Shelagh Kell,
Mauricio Parra-Quijano, Imke Thormann, Ehsan Dulloo and Nigel Maxted
1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress - Science, Technology, Policy and Partnership
6-9 November 2016, New Delhi, India
IN THIS PRESENTATION...
• Introduction to the SADC region
• CWR conservation planning in the region
• Integrating national and regional conservation priorities
• Next steps
• Key messages
In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild
Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region
THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)
Important diversity of wild relatives of:
coffee, cucurbits (cucumber, gherkin,
melon), eggplant, lettuce, millets, okra,
pulses (cowpea, pigeon pea, sword
bean), rice, sorghum and watermelon
Oryza longistaminata cf. (Graybill
Munkombwe)
Solanum panduriforme (Livhuwani Nkuna)
Sorghum sp. (Dickson Ng’uni)
Coffea mauritiana (Ehsan Dulloo)
CWR CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THE SADC REGION
Development of food and beverage CWR checklist
for the SADC region
Prioritization of CWR for conservation action
Identification of hotspots and priority sites for in
situ conservation and ex situ collection
DEVELOPMENT OF CWR PARTIAL CHECKLIST
DATA SOURCES
Food and beverage CWR checklist for the SADC region
FLORA CHECKLIST
•
Harlan and de Wet Inventory [cwrdiversity.org – Vincent et al. 2013]
•
GRIN Taxonomy for Plants [www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl –
USDA Agricultural Research Service]
CROP GENERA
•
SPGRC species lists, including taxa in the base collection
•
FAOSTAT [http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E]
•
Various other online resources
DEVELOPMENT OF CWR PARTIAL CHECKLIST
RESULTS
•
The SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity with > 1,900 spp.
•
Food and beverage crops with native CWR diversity in the region include
asparagus, coffee, cucurbits (cucumber, gherkin, melon), eggplant, lettuce, millet,
okra, pulses (e.g. cowpea, pigeon pea, sword bean), rice, sesame seed, sorghum,
sugarcane, sweet potato and watermelon
•
Many other crops of socio-economic importance have wild relatives in the region,
including several minor food crops and species related to non-food crops (e.g.
herbs, spices, environmental, industrial, ornamental, medicinal, forestry)
Coffea macrocarpa (Mukesh Ragoo)
Solanum lichtensteinii (Livhuwani Nkuna)
Oryza longistaminata (Graybill Munkombwe)
PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION
• More than 1,900 CWR species
occur in the region
• Which species are the highest
priorities for conservation action?
 Species related to crops important
for food and economic security
 Species with greatest potential for
utilization in crop improvement
programmes
Sesamum alatum (SANBI)
PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION
60 food or beverage
crops/crop groups reported
by FAO in the SADC region
34 food or beverage crops in
the SPGRC base collection
27 other cultivated food or
beverage species in the
SPGRC database
In total, 91 food or beverage crops/crop groups cultivated in the region
731 CWR species related to 75 of these crops/crop groups occur in the SADC region
Exclude invasive taxa to the region
Potential or confirmed uses in crop improvement
100 CWR species (113 taxa) – PIORITY CWR
PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION
RESULTS
Coffea mauritiana (Ehsan Dulloo)
Vigna sp. (Dickson Ng’uni)
Eleusine indica (Graybill Munkombwe)
OCCURRENCE DATA ANALYSES IN THE SADC REGION
Collation and verification of occurrence data for priority
CWR (110 taxa - 11,092 records)
Diversity analyses (hotspots, complementarity,
ecogeographic)
In situ and ex situ gap analyses
Climate change analysis
Conservation recommendations
HOTSPOT ANALYSIS
GAP ANALYSES
SADC CWR poorly conserved both
ex situ and in situ:
•
50% not conserved ex situ
•
of those conserved ex situ, 40%
have <5 pops., and 16% have only 1!
•
17% outside PAs exclusively
•
those that occur within PAs are not
monitored or actively managed
Predicted taxon richness [SDM (77 taxa)
+ CA50 (36 taxa)]
HOW IS CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTED TO AFFECT CWR DIVERSITY?
RCP4.5 -  2.06C (SADC)
Change of taxon richness
[(75 taxa) 2050, RCP4.5]
RCP8.5 -  2.55C (SADC)
Change of taxon richness
[(75 taxa) 2050, RCP8.5]
HOW IS CLIMATE
CHANGE PREDICTED
TO AFFECT CWR
DIVERSITY?
WINNERS
LOSERS
ECOGEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY AS A PROXY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY
• Describes different environments of
territory
• 16 generalist variables, Calinski method
• CAPFITOGEN (http://www.capfitogen.net)
GEOPHYSIC
EDAPHIC
BIOCLIMATIC
Altitude
Annual precipitation
Slope
Topsoil organic
carbon
Topsoil pH (H2O)
Latitude
Topsoil silt fraction
Longitude
Topsoil sand
fraction
Topsoil gravel
content
Topsoil clay fraction
Topsoil TEB
Precipitation seasonality
(coefficient of variation)
Isothermality
Max temperature of
warmest month
Min temperature of
coldest month
WHERE TO CONSERVE IN SITU PRIORITY CWR DIVERSITY?
Conserve in situ whole range of ecogeographic diversity BUT
populations that persist in the future
WHERE TO CONSERVE IN SITU PRIORITY CWR DIVERSITY?
Conserve in situ whole range of ecogeographic diversity BUT
populations that persist in the future
Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa
and Tanzania - important areas for
conserving CWR diversity predicted not to
be negatively impacted by climate change
PA complementarity network:
133 PAs in 13 countries cover 89 CWR +
50% their ecogeographic diversity
Outside-PA complementarity network:
163 sites in 13 countries cover 21 CWR +
remaining ecogeographic diversity
INTEGRATING NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES
ZAMBIA
But how?
SADC REGION
SOUTH AFRICA
(ZARI 2016)
(DAFF 2016)
TWO CORE LEVELS OF
CONSERVATION
PLANNING
WHAT NEXT?
• Ex situ conservation planning and recommendations
• Development of concept of the SADC Strategic Action Plan for the
Conservation and Utilization of CWR
• Feedback by appropriate regional stakeholders (SPGRC...)
• Endorsement and implementation!
In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild
Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region
KEY MESSAGES
• SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity.
• Hotspots of priority CWR have been identified in the region
(Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania…).
• In situ conservation network has been planned taking into account both
ecogeographic diversity and climate change impact (133 PAs + 163 sites
outside PAs).
• DRC, South Africa and Tanzania are key countries for the conservation of
CWR diversity predicted not to be negatively impacted by climate change
in the region.
• National and regional conservation priorities should be integrated into an
Integrated CWR conservation strategy for the region
In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild
Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region
In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild
Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region
THANK YOU!
1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress - Science, Technology, Policy and Partnership
6-9 November 2016, New Delhi, India