Transcript Chp 7
Chp 7: Human Geography of Canada Early History • Hunters/gathers = land bridge • Vikings – Eric the Red & Leif Erickson • Italian explorers • French & British exploration – Catholics only—French Huguenots not allowed – Fur trapping-intermarriage w/ natives Unifying Canada • 1791 Canada was split into 2 provinces – Upper Canada (Ontario) • English speaking majority • Protestant majority – Lower Canada (Quebec) • French speaking majority • Catholic majority Unifying Canada • 1867 British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada – Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick • Self government but still part of the British Empire – Ottawa = capital – 1869 Rupert’s land was added to the Dominion • 1871 Unification of all of Canada – Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, Alberta & Saskatchewan Canada expands through transportation and industrial development • Completion of the transcontinental RR • Gold discovered in the Yukon • Rapid immigration Urban and Industrial Growth • Moving from rural areas to urban manufacturing and service industries • Growth occurs within 100 miles of the U.S. border Governing Canada • 1931 Great Britain recognizes Canadian independence • Parliamentary system – Appointed Senate – Elected House of Commons – Prime Minister • Each 10 provinces has its own legislature & premier Take Five • Complete the skill builder questions on pg 159 Sec 2: Economy & Culture of Canada First Nations (Canadian native Americans) – Fishing, fur trade & other trade w/ French voyageurs – Primary industries: farming, logging, mining and fishing • 10% of the GDP • Largest exporter of lumber • Mining of gold, uranium, zinc, silver etc major industry • 5% land used for agriculture – 3% of the population are farmers Canadian Manufacturing and Service Industries • • • • 15% of Canadians work in mfg 20% of the GDP is from mfg 60% of the GDP is from service industries 3% of the population or 75% of the workers are in the service industries • NAFTA – 85% of exports to the US – 75% of imports from the US Take Five • Complete the skill builder questions on pg 160 Canadian Culture • Many different cultures – Native (Intuit), French, British, Métis (mixed French and native) – Immigrants – Bilingual—French & British – 80% of the population live on 10% of the land – 80% live in urban areas – Natives now live of reserves—public lands set aside for their use Modern Day Canada • • • • High standard of living 97% literacy rate Many sports teams and recreational sports Arts Take Five • Complete the skill builder questions on pg 166 Sec 3: Sub regions of Canada • • • • The Atlantic Provinces The Core Provinces The Prairie Provinces The Pacific Provinces and the Territories The Atlantic Provinces • Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia & Newfoundland • 8% of the entire Canadian population – Most live in coastal areas – Rugged terrain & harsh climate • Economy of the Atlantic – – – – Logging=largest industry of the region Fishing Mining Hydro-electric power for supplying Quebec & parts of NE US The Core Provinces—Quebec & Ontario • The “heartland” – Quebec (French) & Ontario (British) – 3 out of 5 Canadians live there – Quebec = largest land area – Ontario = largest population The Prairie Provinces • Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta • Canada’s “breadbasket” – Agricultural region – 50% of Canada’s agricultural production – 60% of Canada’s mineral resources • Diverse population – Scots-Irish, German, Scandinavians, Ukrainians & Poles – Alberta = most culturally diverse region in Canada The Pacific Provinces and the Territories • British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, & Nunavut