Transcript Canada PowerPoint

Canada
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Vast Lands
•
Canada second largest country in the
world by area; U.S. third
•
Together they cover one-eighth of the
earth’s land surface
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• Three major groups in
Canada—the native peoples,
the French, and the English—
have melded into a diverse and
economically strong nation.
• French and British settlement
greatly influenced Canada’s
political development.
• Canada’s size and climate
affected economic growth and
population distribution.
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The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry
• After the Ice Age, migrants
crossed an Arctic land bridge
from Asia to North America
• These were the ancestors of the
Arctic Inuit (Eskimos); and the
North American Indians
• Vikings founded Vinland
(Newfoundland) about A.D.
1000; but later abandoned it.
http://wearecanadians.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/the-inuitpeople-of-canada/
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundlandlabrador/story/2010/07/21/viking-discovery-lanse-aux-meadows.html
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Colonization by France and Britain
• French explorers claimed much
of Canada in 1500–1600s as
“New France”
• British settlers colonized the
Atlantic Coast
• Coastal fisheries and inland fur
trades were important to both
countries
• Britain won the French and
Indian War (1754–1763); but,
the French settlers stayed
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=new+france+map+1600s
&um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=6PTW2i87bQx9GM:&imgref
url
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Establishing the Dominion of Canada
• In 1791 Britain created two
political units called provinces
– Upper Canada (later,
Ontario): English-speaking
people, mostly Protestant
– Lower Canada (Quebec):
French-speaking people,
mostly Roman Catholic
• Rupert’s Land : a northern
area owned by a fur-trading
company
•As immigrants arrived, large cities developed, like Quebec City,
Montreal, and Toronto
•railways, and canals were built as explorers looked for better
fur-trading paths
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• Political and ethnic disputes led to Britain’s 1867 North
America Act
– created Dominion of Canada as a loose confederation
(political union)
– Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick made
up the new confederation
– It was a self-governed part of British Empire
• Later Expansion included:
• Rupert’s Land, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward
Island
• Later: Yukon Territory, Alberta, Saskatchewan
• Newfoundland in 1949
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http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/roc/021018-1500-e.html
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From the Atlantic to the Pacific
• In 1885 a transcontinental railroad goes from
Montreal to Vancouver
• European immigrants arrived and Yukon gold
brings fortune hunters
• copper, zinc, silver also found;
• Miners created towns and railroads
http://trailblazer-guides.com/book/trans-canada-rail-guide
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Urban and Industrial Growth
• Farming gave way to urban industrialization,
and manufacturing.
– Both industries are mostly within 100 miles of U.S.
border due to climate, land, transportation
• Canada became a major economic power in
20th century
http://www.trailcanada.co
m/destinations/cities/
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Governing Canada
• In 1931 Canada became independent, but
the British monarch is still the symbolic head
of the government.
• Parliamentary government:
– parliament—legislature combining
legislative and executive functions
– consists of an appointed Senate, elected
House of Commons
•
- prime minister, head of government, is
majority party leader
• All ten provinces have own legislature and
premier (prime minister)
• federal government administers the
territories
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAmericas/ColoniesB
ritish.htm
Stephen
Harper is
the
current
Prime
Minister of
Canada.
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http://www.topnews.in/law/people/stephenharper?page=2
Economy of Canada
• Canada is highly
industrialized and
urbanized.
Winnipeg
– One of the world’s most
developed economies.
http://www.traveltocanadanow.com/winnipeg.htm
Toronto
http://www.geostoronto.com/about_city
http://www.wayfaring.info/2008/12/08/vancouver-olympics-games-2010/
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The Early Fur Trade
• Beginning in 1500s Native Americans, now
known as the First Nations: began trading with
European fishermen along Atlantic coast
• French and English trappers and traders
expanded westward!
• Voyageurs—French-Canadian boatmen
transporting pelts
to trading posts
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http://www.nps.gov/voya/historyculture/the-fur-trade.htm
Canada’s Primary Industries
• Farming, logging, mining,
fishing: 10% of gross domestic
product
• Canada is the world’s leading
exporter of forest products
• Mining: uranium, zinc, gold,
and silver are exported
• Fishing: domestic
consumption is low, so most
of catch is exported
http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2010/05/17/fore
st-agreement.html
http://www.gildedlife.com/2010/08/canadian-gold-maple-leaf-coins/
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The Manufacturing Sector
• 15% of Canadians work in manufacturing,
create 1/5 of GDP
– make cars, steel, appliances, equipment (hightech, mining)
– centered in heartland, from Quebec City, Quebec,
to Windsor, Ontario
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http://www.canada.com/business/fp/Conference+Board+gloomy+profit+outlook/5261819/story.html
Service Industries Drive the Economy
• Most Canadians work in service industries,
which create 60% of GDP
• finance, utilities, trade, transportation,
communication, insurance
• The land’s natural beauty makes tourism
the fastest growing service
• Heavy trade with U.S.: same language,
open border (world’s longest border)
• 1994 North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) with U.S., Mexico
• 85% of Canadian exports go to U.S.
• 75% of Canada’s imports come from U.S.
http://www.canadaupdates.com/content/can
adian-tourism-commission-gears-attracttourists
http://www.directoryofschools.com/CanadianTourism-College/Travel-Agent-Training.htm
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A Land of Many Cultures
• Languages and Religions
• Mixing of French and native
peoples created Métis culture
• Bilingual: English is most common,
except in French-speaking Quebec
• English Protestants and French
Catholics dominate, but often
clash
• Currently, there are increasing
numbers of Muslims, Jews, and
other groups.
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Canada’s Population
• Densest in port cities (Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver) and
farmlands
• Environment keeps 80% of people on 10% of land (near U.S.
border)
• Urbanization: in 1900 33% of people lived in cities, today it’s
80%
• Various ethnic groups cluster in certain areas
• 75% of French Canadians live in Quebec
• many native peoples live on reserves—public land set aside for
them
• most Inuits live in the remote Arctic north
• many Canadians of Asian ancestry live on West Coast
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https://travelcanada.wikispaces.com/Population+Map+of+Canada
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Life in Canada Today: Employment
and Education
• Relatively high standard of living, welleducated population
• Labor force is 55% men, 45% women
• 75% in service industries, 15% in
manufacturing
• Oldest university, Laval, established in
1663 in Quebec by the French
• English universities founded in Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick in 1780s
• Today, Canada has a 97% literacy rate
http://www.damas.ift.ulaval.ca/~beaumont/aboutLaval.html
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Sports and Recreation
• Popular sports: skating, ice
hockey, fishing, skiing, golf,
hunting
• Canada has own football
league; other pro teams play
in U.S. leagues
• native peoples developed
lacrosse, European settlers
developed hockey
• Annual festivals include
Quebec Winter Carnival,
Calgary Stampede
http://www.buckinghampalacenews.com/wp/prince-william-kate-canada-details/474
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The Arts
• Earliest literature from
oral traditions of First
Nations peoples
• Later writings from
settlers, missionaries,
explorers
• Early visual arts seen
in Inuit carving, West
Coast totem poles
http://www.tourismvancouver.com/visitors/things_to_do/first_nations_art
http://www.fotosearch.com/photosimages/eskimo.html
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http://www.inuit.com/?p2=/modules/xgalleries/showgallery.jsp&curAlbId=48
Sub-regions of Canada
• Canada is divided into four sub-regions: the
Atlantic Provinces, Core Provinces, Prairie
Provinces, and the Pacific Province and the
Territories.
• Each sub-region possesses unique natural
resources, landforms, economic
• activities, and cultural life.
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The Atlantic Provinces
Harsh Lands and Small Populations
• Eastern Canada’s Atlantic Provinces: Prince Edward Island, New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland.
• This area only has 8% of Canada’s population, due to rugged
terrain, and harsh weather
• Most people live in coastal cities such as: Halifax, Nova Scotia
and St. John, New Brunswick.
• 85% of Nova Scotia is rocky hills,
and has poor soil
• 90% of New Brunswick is
forested
• Newfoundland has severe
storms
http://golf-for-beginners.blogspot.com/2010/08/golf-in-coastal-provinces-of-atlantic.html
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Economic Activities of Atlantic Provinces
• New Brunswick’s largest industry:
logging (lumber, wood pulp,
paper)
• Gulf of St. Lawrence, coastal
waters supply seafood for export
• Nova Scotia: logging, fishing,
shipbuilding, trade through
Halifax
• Newfoundland: fishing, mining,
logging, hydro-electric power
– Supplies power to Quebec, and
parts of northeastern U.S.
http://www.perkins-sabre.com/News/Sab-2-066.cfm
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The Core Provinces—Quebec and Ontario
The Heartland of Canada
• Quebec City: French explorer Samuel de
Champlain built fort in 1608
• 60% Canada’s population live in Core Provinces
Ontario and Quebec
• Ontario has largest population
• Quebec has largest land area
http://www.laurieroptical.com/fr/locations.php
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Canada’s Political and Economic Center
• Ottawa, Ontario is the
national capital
• Quebec has great political
importance in FrenchCanadian life
• Core: 35% of Canada’s crops,
45% of minerals, 70% of
manufacturing
• Toronto the largest city,
finance hub; Montreal
second largest city
http://m.world-guides.com/ottawa/
The Rideau Canal in
Ottawa freezes during the
winter, and is used for ice
skating!
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http://www.planetware.com/picture/ottawa-rideau-canal-cdn-cdn1048.htm
The Prairie Provinces
Canada’s Breadbasket
• Great Plains Prairie
Provinces: Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta
• 50% of Canada’s agricultural
production, 60% of mineral
output
• Alberta has coal, oil
deposits; produces 90% of
Canada’s natural gas
Alberta
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A Cultural Mix
• Manitoba: Scots-Irish, Germans,
Scandinavians, Ukrainians, Poles
• Saskatchewan’s population includes Asian
immigrants, Métis
• Alberta’s diversity includes Indian, Japanese,
Lebanese, Vietnamese
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The Pacific Province and the Territories
• British Columbia—westernmost
province, mostly in Rocky Mountains
• 1/2 is forests; 1/3 is frozen tundra,
snowfields, glaciers
• Most people live in southwest; major
cities are Victoria, Vancouver
• Economy built on logging, mining,
hydroelectric power
• Vancouver is Canada’s largest port,
has prosperous shipping trade
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The Pacific Territories
• The three northern territories account for
41% of Canada’s land
• Sparsely populated due to rugged land
and severe climate
• Yukon has population of 30,000; but it is
mostly wilderness
• Northwest Territories has population of
41,000; extends into Arctic
• Nunavut was created from Northwest
Territories in 1999; home to Inuit
• Territories’ economies include mining,
fishing, some logging
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