Transcript leaders 2006 course module 3 : national systems

BUILDING RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Dr. Barbara Carby
The Cayman Islands
LEADERS 2006, Jamaica
LEADERS 2006 COURSE
MODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMS
LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE DEVELOPMENT
DIALOGUE
SESSION OUTLINE
5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A RESILIENT
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS
Discussion
Session Will
Examine the concept of Resilience,
its importance and consequences of nonresilient systems.
The question of how resilience can be
achieved will be examined.
RESILIENCE
Resilience – what is it?

Ability to prepare for, recover from,
the impact of hazards in ways that prevent
or minimise disruption and mitigate the
effects of future hazards
RESILIENCE
Why is it important?
IVAN - Impact
Grenada
% GDP 212
Impact on Productive
Sector EC 539.2 m
Infrastructure 262.4m
% of Housing 89
% Population 79
Cayman
% GDP 138
Impact on Productive
Sector CI 1117.7m
Infrastructure 488.4m
% of Housing 83
% Population 83
Cost of Vulnerability
Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems
Northridge Earthquake 1994
27% of regional business loss due to Highway
disruption
Kobe Earthquake 1995
Infrastructure failure brought business activity
almost to a halt
Cost of Vulnerability
Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems
2003 Blackout of NE Coast, N America
Cost US$ 4-10b in economic loss
Cayman Is 2004
Loss of function of airport and port cost
CI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impact
Damage is only part of the story…..
Cayman Islands 2004
Total impact on Infrastructure
CI$410m of which 90.5m was loss of
revenue and increased operating cost
RESILIENCE
What Needs to be Resilient ?
RESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?
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Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges,
Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Stns.,
EM facilities
Lifeline Systems – Health, Water,
Sewerage, Power
Housing
RESILIENCE – Unexpected benefit
Cayman Islands Hospital - IVAN
Functioned during Hurricane Ivan
Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding communities
Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while
continuing to provide care.
Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.
Causing temporary relocation to top floor
RESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?
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ICT Infrastructure
DRM System
National Security Systems
Education Systems
RESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?
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Economy – 2005 CI Economy grew by
6.5% including growth in tourist arrivals
Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2%
Government must continue to function
RESILIENCE
How do we achieve resilience?
RESILIENCE
Resilience must be built into Development
Resilience should be achieved through
development which should address
Technical
Organisational
Socio-economic aspects
RESILIENCE
Technical
Risk analysis, mapping should inform
Location, design of structures, infrastructure
Location, Location, Location !
Risk Maps
Risk Maps
RESILIENCE
Technical
Maintenance
Structures must be properly maintained
RESILIENCE
Technical
 Upgrade
If we missed the boat at construction – its
not too late !
Retrofit
2 schools which survived
on Grenada had been retrofitted
RESILIENCE
Technical
Critical facilities, infrastructure must be
designed with an additional factor of safety
Redundancy – alternative/duplicate
RESILIENCE
Organisational
Resilient EM systems
Evacuation routes remain open
Emergency telecomms functional
EOCs must survive or be up within hours
Shelters should be safe, equipped
RESILIENCE
Socio-economic
Diversified, vibrant economy
Robust private sector
Robust public sector
Risk Transfer
RESILIENCE
Socio-economic
Government, Businesses
Cayman – financial sector continued
functioning immediately after Ivan –
Majority of banks had continuity/recovery
plans
and reported no major losses due to storm
RESILIENCE
Socio-economic
Private sector was able to assist in recovery
of country
Public sector had no continuity plans –
Now required
RESILIENCE
Socio-economic
Risk Transfer
High level of insurance in Cayman permitted
faster recovery – Approximately 16% of
homes were not insured
Source ECLAC Report
Risk Transfer
CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities Co.
US$ 100m Coverage for damage,
US$ 55m in business interruption,
US$ 15m in Machinery breakdown
US$ 4m Fund to cover deductibles
US$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstruction
US$ 10m Bridging loan facility
ECLAC Report
RESILIENCE
People need to be resilient too…
Adequate income to afford safe housing
“Cushion” – insurance/savings/family
Knowledge and skills to make their
communities resistant
RESILIENCE
And what of issues of governance?
Corruption-free and fearless approval process
Adequate funding for risk reduction programmes
Impartial enforcement of laws – popular or not
Achieving resilience means enforcement of laws
Summary
Resilience is important for :
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Reducing
Reducing
Reducing
Reducing
deaths, injuries
damage
recovery time
losses
Summary
Resilience is a development issue
and should be an integral part of
development planning whether physical or
economic
However resilience can be conferred
through retrofitting of existing elements
BALANCE
Disaster Risk
Management
is about …
Balance Hazards, Development,
Environment,
People in balance
and harmony.
Balance, Harmony