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Centre for Local Economic Strategies Resilient Cities: the Role of the Creative Economy The cities project conference: Creativity and partnerships for cities urban regeneration Neil McInroy Chief Executive What is CLES? What is CLES? Established 1986 Run online magazine: NewStart Economic development but with social fairness and within limits of environment Independent UK based charity. No commercial sponsor or government grants Planners, geographers, local government, environmental scientists, economists Most of work in UK, but also increasingly international Hybrid; research, consultancy, Local government members The need for creativity: A new era for place making Climate change, peak oil, peak water, peak soil, energy insecurity Places need to adapt, new ways of sustainable living Ageing and migration Challenge to find the public resources Economic turbulence Global interdependency but local economies matter more Development of place is getting harder. Challenging ! The ingredientstimes to success New economies Importance of capital Networks Creativity and Innovation The I Ching (Classic chinese text) ‘Look at what connects and separates people’ Exploring Ill health, deprivation and the economy = Source: London Health Observatory Need to work at success? Scare planners and economic developers! GDP and Life Satisfaction 1973 - 2002 200% 180% 160% GDP Life Satisfaction 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 But we all want some material progress! Human Capital HUMAN CAPITAL Human Capital Social Capital Private Capital Private/Physical Capital Public Capital Environmental Capital Environmental Capital Harnessing the capital and assets Resilience v sustainability Key: Public Private Academic Charity/ NFP Image & analysis by Daniela D’Andreta Nick Crossley, Poetics, Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 1-98 (February 2009) Resilience Resilience is not about the passive maintenance of a situation Its more active, its about: being ready to take on opportunities. responding to shocks dealing with change being adaptable and creative taking a punch and bouncing back making our places and cities go............... Resilience Resilience Maggie Leininger 2004 Creativity assisting resilience “Creativity is a mental and social process involving the generation of new ideas of concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts, creativity is fuelled by the process of conscious or unconscious insight.” and “creativity as an assumptions breaking process” Resilience Lu Xinjian Need to understand and harness the ‘dna of place’ We need to search for and nurture qualities in place (the conditions) which harness creativity and adaptability to huge, economic, environmental, social, and cultural change The ‘capitals’, assets and cultures of place are of great importance The importance of understanding and building creative networks and partnerships Need to build resilient place based relationships. Health and wellbeing Creation of place resilience Governance Environment Identity history and context The local economy Stages of resilience The local economy The resilience work CLES piloted work in six cities around the world (Portland, Yokkaichi, Haiphong, Culiacan, Gdansk, Coimbatore and now worked in: Dandenong, Australia Blackburn with Darwen Manchester Southern Staffordshire Gloucester, Cheltenham and Tewkesbury Northumberland Ashfield and Mansfield Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk Cherwell The resilience scale Resilient – Compelling evidence of robust relationships between the different spheres in the economy Stable – Evidence of sound relationships between the different spheres. Vulnerable – Relationships between the different sectors are significantly underdeveloped. Brittle – Little evidence of relationships between different sectors. Portland-Oregon, USA Very resilient. With balance between sectors BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT Creativity between sectors LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS Public sector and economy enables Urban growth boundary GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SOCIAL LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE Strong ‘green’ identity, percolating through place and activity Gdansk, Poland Stable to Vulnerable. BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT Bolstered by EU funds LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS GOVERNMENT SOCIAL Public sector interaction with the social and commercial sector is weak. Competition –V Cooperation in wider city region PUBLIC LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE Some creativity within rather than between sectors Culiacan-Sinaloa, Mexico Brittle. BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT Lack of connection between the sectors. LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS Dominated by ‘fragile’ US Investment. State-level strategy, dominated by business Environment degraded. GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SOCIAL LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE Coimbatore-Tamil Nadu, India Vulnerable to stable BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT An entrepreneurial culture. LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SOCIAL LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE Local government providing little more than services Genuine philanthrocapitalism, filling the gaps with NGOs Creativity through ‘absence’ of public sector Haiphong, Vietnam Vulnerable to stable BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS Strong drive from government, from national down to city Starting to embrace the free market GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PUBLIC LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE A strong entrepreneurial spirit Planned creativity? Yokkaichi and Mie Prefecture, Japan Resilient. Despite ongoing recession from 90’s BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY COMMERCIAL WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SOCIAL LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXT HISTORY AND CULTURE Public sector key actor A strong focus on innovation –a ‘technological and innovation DNA’ – running through the place Strong collective, place based culture Performance Timeline following an event or opportunity An opportunity or a shock/negative change Resilient Stable Vulnerable Brittle TIME Partnerships in BLackburn Informal Networks: Who are your 3 closest work colleagues, people you would go to solve a work problem, to talk something through or to have a creative conversation with? Let’s assume some change: Does it matter? Conclusions Successful places are predicated on creative relationships, and innovative interactions between public, commercial and social sectors Place shielding Existing economic development models have failed to factor in wider role of culture, capitals and assets Our places are dependent upon complex connections Vulnerable to small disturbances Creativity is key connecting element Conclusions on resilience What are the danger signs for an un-resilient place? Poor blend of sectors Conclusions Pilot areas Great plans but not based onfrom an understanding of functioning and malfunctioning relationship to date Simple assumptions that cause and effect is linear. Narrow definitions of ‘success’ Poor consideration of the cultural condictions Poor understanding of local/global connections Rigid governance - hierarchical Centre Strategies Centrefor forLocal LocalEconomic Economic Strategies Email - [email protected] Web - www.cles.org.uk Magazine - www.newstartmag.co.uk Twitter - @nmcinroy Phone - (0044) 161 236 7036