Transcript Environmental policy and its impact on economic development

Key drivers for industrial
performance
Herbert Aichinger
European Commission
DG Environment
Directorate G Sustainable development and Integration
Unit Industry
Putting energy efficiency into a
wider context
 How are we doing?
 What is happening outside the EU?
 What are the internal EU drivers for greater
efficiency?
 What solutions can the European Commission
deliver?
Identifying problems…
We are doing fine…
Energy intensity (kg of oil equivalent per EUR1000 of GDP)
245
240
235
230
225
220
215
210
205
200
195
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
…or at least better than others…
Green house gas em issions as percentagte of 1990 levels (EU15) 1990=100
117.00
112.00
107.00
102.00
97.00
92.00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
EU15
1997
1998
US
1999
2000
2001
…so why should we care about
greater energy efficiency?
Worrying trends:
 Growing dependence on energy imports
 Growing demand from developing economies
 Remedying the greenhouse effect
Because absolute energy use is fairly
stable…
Final energy consumption by industry (toe million)
315,5
256,4
303,7
295,5
250,5
247,1
EU (25 countries)
1991
1992
1993
295,7
249,3
304,9
305,1
258,6
257,8
308,1
261,2
303,3
299,1
260,8
261,5
309,9
270,6
309,9
307,0
271,4
269,1
EU (15 countries)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
…while our dependence on energy
imports is growing.
42376
Net imports of electricity (GWh)
EU-15
34297
27297
23694
CR, PL, HU, SR
18832
13982
10897
14610
8961
3539
1973
1980
1990
1405
1995
1999
2000
2001
-15646
-16775
-6589
Growing dependence
EU Energy Outlook to 2020:
 Total primary energy consumption  +1% pa until 2010
and  +0.4% pa until 2020
 Energy intensity  1.5% pa towards 2020
 2/3 of overall EU energy use imported by 2020 (<1/2 in
1995), gas gaining highest growth
 EU gas importers from Russia to face competition from
China
Asia’s growing appetite
Monthly oil imports 12-month centred moving average, USDm
 China's total oil consumption
doubled since 1992. Domestic oil
production remained almost static,
up barely 20% on 1992.
 The deficit filled by net imports of
about 100 million tonnes - three
times the level in 1998.
Source: Oxford analytica
The new member states
 Average GDP growth in 10 Acceding Countries
1995-2002 = 3,6% per annum, EU15 only
2,2%
 Labour productivity growth in 10 Acceding
Countries (1995-2000) = 3,6 % p.a., EU15
only 1%
 Influx of Cohesion and Structural Funds: €8,9
billion in 2004-2006 (of €21.7 billion to be
allocated)
 Investment needs in environment field ca €100
billion euro
The new member states –
major industrial sectors
Industry share in total
manufacturing, %
10 Accession Countries
15 Current Member
States
Food products,
beverages and tobacco
19,1
13,7
Basic metals and
12,5
fabricated metal products
11,1
Electrical and optical
equipment
10,2
12
Transport equipment
11,3
13,6
Delivering solutions…
EU instruments for energy efficiency
at different angles
gu
lat
o ry
EM
AS
Re
r ke
C
Ma
IPP
t ba
se d
Emissions trading
la
oEc
ry
Volunta
l
ply
si d
e
EU ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
D i re
d
an
m
e
rtiv
po
nt
De
rem
e
in
EPER
Be
n
ing
k
r
a
chm
Energy using products
Large Combustion Plants Directive
Su
p
gs
rocu
ild
lic P
Bu
Pu b
INSTRUMENTS
ct
t
Indirec
Gre
en
si d
e
Su
p
be
Co-generation
R&
D
AP
ET
SA
VE
EPER: basis for benchmarking
 Principal emissions (50 pollutants) and IPPC sources responsible
 Published every 3 years: first time February 2004
 http://www.eper.cec.eu.int
Environmental Technologies
Action Program: boosting competitiveness
and environmental protection

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
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

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
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Increase and focus the effort in R&D programmes
Technology platforms (Hydrogen, Water, Solar)
Networks for technology testing
Performance targets for key products and processes
Financial instruments with appropriate risk sharing
Review of State aid guidelines
Review of Environmentally harmful subsidies
Green public procurement
Rising business and consumer awareness
Provide targeted training
Responsible investments in developing countries
Voluntary Measures: EMAS
 Energy efficiency guidelines for small and
medium sized enterprises:

Heating, lighting, ventilation, electric motors

Goal definition, data collection, input-output
analysis, sampling of indicators and definition
of measures

To be available by the end of 2004
6
IPPC BREF on energy efficiency
 Considerable potential (all in all 12-14%) for cost-
effective energy savings in IPPC plants
 IMPEL study (May 2000): there is little experience so far
with energy efficiency provisions in integrated permits
 The Finnish Environment Institute has proposed a new
IMPEL study
 The work on BREF will start 2005
Getting demand right –
Green public procurement
 Buying green! –
http://europa.eu.int/comm/envir
Handbook on
environmental public
procurement
 Energy efficiency as
environmental factor
to be put in technical
specifications
 Products and
services
onment/gpp/guidelines.htm#han
dbook
Community support for innovation
Concluding remarks
 Energy demand will rise – internally and
externally
 Increasing energy efficiency might be crucial
for industrial competitiveness
 Rise in energy efficiency will depend on price
signals and technological breakthrough
 The key guidance document will be BREF on
energy efficiency
 Need to integrate energy-efficiency in other
sectors (households, transport)