Transcript Document

Will Copenhagen Open a
Door for Taiwan ?
Chi-Jen Yang
Research Scientist
Center on Global Change
Duke University
Worldwide CO2 Emission
Taiwan
1%
China
20%
Rest of
World
34%
Korea
2%
Japan
4%
Rest of
OECD
19%
Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2009.
USA
20%
Switzerland
0.4%
UNFCCC Article 20
This Convention shall be open for signature by States
Members of the United Nations or of any of its
specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute
of the International Court of Justice and by regional
economic integration organizations…from 20 June
1992 to 19 June 1993.
Taiwan
UNFCCC Article 22
The Convention shall be subject to ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession by States and by
regional economic integration organizations….
Taiwan
Kyoto Protocol Article 24
This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject
to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and
regional economic integration organizations which are
Parties to the Convention.
Taiwan
CO2 per capita
Metric Ton CO2 per capita
25
20
15
10
5
0
China Japan Korea Taiwan USA
OECD World
Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2009.
GDP per capita
GDP (2005 US$, PPP) per capita
$50,000
$45,000
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
$25,000
2007
1990
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
China Japan Korea Taiwan USA
Why would Taiwan want to reduce
GHG?
• To be a responsible member in global
community
• Alarming experiences in the past
• CITES
• 1994 trade sanction over tigers and rhino
• Montreal Protocol
• Trade sanction to non-parties
Kyoto Annex-I-style Commitment for
Taiwan?
Million Metric Tons CO2
300
250
200
150
229
100
50
257
121
0
1990
2000
2008
Source: Taiwan EPA
GHG Reduction Bill
• under review in the legislature
• would authorize TEPA to regulate GHG
• Performance standards
• Cap-and-trade scheme
• would not obligate TEPA to a pre-specified
target of reduction—leave the decision to
TEPA
GHG Emission Targets
• Short-term (2016-2020): to return to 2008 levels
• Mid-term (2025): to 2000 levels
• Long-term (2050): to 50% of 2000 levels
Stepwise Strategy
Stage IV
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Before the Act
One year
after the Act
Three years
after the Act
Voluntary
inventory
reporting,
, EIA offset
Voluntary
Participation
Mandatory
inventory
reporting
, voluntary
reduction
Designated
sources
GHG
performance
standards,
permit and
offset
Designated
sources
and new entrants
TEPA implements
in accordance
with international
development
Cap-and-Trade
Target setting by
TEPA;
Action plan by
relevant authorities
EU Post-Kyoto Vision
• OECD-wide carbon market by 2015.
• Include major emerging economies
(Taiwan?) by 2020.
• Eventually, a global carbon market.
Is there a way to fit Taiwan in?
World Health Assembly (WHA) model
 World Trade Organization (WTO) model
 WCPF Convention model

WHA Model

1997–2001: Taiwan applied for WHA observer
as “Republic of China (Taiwan)”, failed due to
strong opposition from PRC.
2002: applied as “Taiwan”, failed again.
 2003: as “Health authorities of Taiwan”, failed.
 2004–2008: as “Taiwan”, all failed.
 2009: at the request of PRC, WHA invited
“Chinese Taipei” to be an observer.

WTO Model
Accession rule: any state or customs
territory having full autonomy in the
conduct of its trade policies may join the
WTO
 Taiwan joined WTO as “Separate
Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu,
Kinmen and Matsu” in 2002.

WCPF Convention
Convention for the Conservation and
Management of Highly Migratory Fish
Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific
Ocean
•
•
Any fishing entity…may…agree to be bound by the
regime established by this Convention.
Such fishing entity shall participate in the work of the
Commission…and shall comply with the obligations
under this Convention.
WCPF Convention: Record of Fishing Vessels
Tuvalu, 2 Vanuatu, 82
Papua New Guinea,
34
Solomon Islands, 4
New Zealand, 6
Tonga, 6
Philippines, 520
Australia, 124
Belize, 7
USA,
493
New Caledonia, 27
Marshall Islands, 24
Korea, 269
Kiribati, 34
Canada, 2569
Japan, 1576
China, 330
Indonesia, 495
French Polynesia, 95
Chinese
Taipei, 1966
Fiji, 56
European Community,
125 El Salvador, 2
Micronesi
a, 33
Ecuador, 7
Cyprus, 2
Cook Island, 26
Does 1% matter?
1% = 47 million passenger cars
= 23 million homes
= 58 million acres of forest
Acknowledgement
Dr. Hui-Chen Chien
Deputy Director-General
Department of Air Quality Protection and Noise Control
Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration