Transcript 投影片 1

Taiwan’s patent performance and the
impact of industry structure
Show-Long Janga and Simona Sungb
•
aDepartment
•
bSchool
od Economics, National Taiwan
University, No.21, Hsu-Chow Road, Taipei, 100
Taiwan
of Business, The College of Saint Rose,
Albany, NY 12203, USA
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Structure of Taiwanese industry
3.International comparison of Taiwanese patenting
4.The effect of industry structure on patenting:
a comparison between Taiwan and South Korea
5.Summary and conclusions
1. Introduction
This paper takes a look at Taiwan’s innovation path
and compares her innovation performance to the
technology frontier of the world. We also look at the
effect of Taiwanese industrial policy and the impact of
the resulting market structure on Taiwanese innovation.
2.Structure of Taiwanese
industry
2.1 SMEs
•Taiwanese economy developed within an industrial
framework where small and medium-sized enterprises
made up more than 95% of total number of firms for
decades.
2.2 Role of government in innovation
•In the early 1970s, in an effort to emulate California’s Silicon
Valley, the government established two institutions in Hsinchu,
Taiwan: The Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
and the Hsinchu Science-Based Industry Park together with
two existing nearby S&T heavy universities
•ITRI is the primary driving force in Taiwan for the leveraging of
advanced technologies from abroad, and for their timely
dissemination to local firms.
•Public R&D in Taiwan has served the function of elevating the
technological capability of the private sector relatively
successfully, but its own research productivity has not matched
the patent records achieved by the private sector.
Table 1 Technology Transfer Agreements:Number of
firms participated in ITRI projects in Taiwana
Table 2 Comparison of patent counts and propensity to patent
between the public sector and private enterprises (Taiwan)
3.International Comparison of
Taiwan Patenting
3.1 Patent count
•The comparison of patent data with G7 nations should allow
us to assess the strength and weaknesses of Taiwan’s
technology capacity relative to the world’s leading
technologically developed nations.
•The inclusion of South Korea follows from her similarity to
Taiwan in terms of culture, per capita GDP, export-heavy
development design, and the rapid transcend from a
technology latecomer to a technology generator.
Table 3 Patent awards and average growth rates
Table 4 Patent composition by category and share
(in parentheses) for 1985 and 2001
3.2 Patent quality
We examine the patents’ quality by:
• generality
• originality
• number of claims
• science linkage
• new fields
Table 5 Comparison of patent quality by generality,
originality, and claims
Table 6 Comparison of patent quality by science linkage
and new fields
4. The effect of industry
structure on patenting:
a comparison between
Taiwan and Korea
•By the 1990s, two very different forms of market
organization have taken shape in Taiwan and South Korea.
•While the proportion of SMEs in total manufacturing (in
terms of number of firms) was similar, the concentration of
market shares is significantly different between the two
economies.
Table 7 : share of the number of SMEs in total manufacturing:
Taiwan v.s. South Korea
•The clear contrast in market structure between Taiwan and
South Korea has produced very different innovation outcomes.
•Two problems stand out sharply for Taiwan currently: the
proportion of Taiwan’s unassigned patents is too high, and a
stagnation problem now exists, inhibiting the persistence of
innovative research and development in Taiwan.
Table 8 Statistics on patent assignees:
Taiwan vs South Korea
Table 9 Regression of patent quality on assigned patents
Table 10 Patent performance of top three assignees,1997-2001
Table 11 Distribution of patenting spell lengths, 1975-2001:
Taiwan vs Korea
Table 12 Entry and exit rate
5. Summary & Conclusions
1.Our analysis credits Taiwanese government’s effort in
the last three decades to have successfully used public
R&D resources to mitigate some of the constraints posed
by the SME market structure
2.However, we find all G7 nations superiorly surpass
Taiwan in patent quality.
3.Taiwan has a larger number of patent awards than
South Korea, but South Korea’s patent quality also
appears to be superior than Taiwan.
4.How to unleash and mobilize the creative energy of the
small private enterprises with limited resources should be
an important public policy concern for Taiwan.
5.Emulating the U.S. experience to stimulate the
incentives of public research institutions in patenting,
redirecting a portion of the state’s research resources to
the more competent private sector may be a policy shift
worth consideration in order to maximize Taiwan’s
patenting and innovation potential.
Thank you for your listening
Q&A