Transcript India 10163KB Sep 26 2012 01:55:16 PM

India’s Population
Policy
Burton H.
Isayah V.
Jenny C.
Introduction
DemoGraphic profile
Crude death rate:
7.43/1000
Crude birth rate:
20.6/1000
Rate of Natural Increase:
13.17
Infant mortality rate:
46.07/1000
Maternal mortality rate:
212/100 000
Life expectancy:
67.14 years
Total fertility rateStage in DTM:
2.58 children per woman
Stage 2 (Nearing 3)
Contraceptive Use
•
Over 50% of women do not use contraception,
mainly due to religious influences.
•
Common method when used: male and female
sterilization.
•
Slow improvement in women's education
increase usage.
•
Rural areas: lack of access to contraception.
•
Some states report lower than 20% of women
using contraceptives.
This population pyramid is typical of a developing country
preparing to enter Stage 3 of the DTM. Birth rates are
increasing, however the rate at which they increase is
decreasing. Death rates also seem to be decreasing
slowly.
In this present-day pyramid, India is entering Stage 3 of the
DTM. Birth rates are decreasing, due to the implementation
of India’s anti-natalist policies. Broader shapes approaching
the apex indicate a lowering death rate due to technological
development. The economically active population is rather
high, and it will only increase as death rates continue to
lower.
Ten years in the future, India remains in Stage 3. The
dependency ratio will be rather low, leading to
economic sustainability.
India’s population Policy
•
India has the second largest population in the world.
•
In 1947, couples were having an average of 6 children
each.
•
India was the first country to declare a policy to slow
population growth.
•
In the 1960s, the total fertility rate was 5.7 and decreasing
slowly.
•
Over the years, India’s population policy has changed
multiple times.
Key points of India’s population policies
1. Decrease death rates.
-Mortality is an undesirable characteristic.
2. Reduce birth rates.
- Achieved using improved birth control.
-No one is forced to adopt family planning or similar
measures.
4. Wide approach
-The population policy has adopted a wide and
integrated approach for control of population
growth.
5. Population education
-Steps have been taken to educate children, as well
as adults, to make them more conscious of the
problem of population explosions and to realize the
need for population control. The Indian media also
6. Incentives
-In order to popularize birth control and family
planning, family welfare programs are offered by
the government to couples who take advantage of
birth control and family planning. These incentives
are given in the form of cash or or other necessities.
India’s population policy has had a mixed effect. On
one hand, the population is already massive, at 1.2
billion people and counting. Population density
remains a significant issue. However, the current
fertility rate has been reported to be as low as 2.3,
which is sustainable.
India’s future- Economically
•
India has one of the world’s fastest growing economies, with an annual
GDP growth rate of 5.8%.
•
The Indian workforce is also the second largest in the world, second
only to China.
•
The Indian economy is worth a total of $1.848 trillion, and will continue
to expand at a modest rate.
•
By 2020, the Indian economy will be one of the largest in the world
(Though currently valued 140th in the world in nominal GDP per
capita)
India’s future- Politically
•
Indian politics has been described as chaotic, due to all the different
parties and coalitions and religious groups in the country.
•
Recently, the coalition leading India lost the support of one of its
member parties. Another party is threatening to do the same. Within
a matter of years, perhaps months, the Indian leadership could
change hands. This would cause massive tension with Sikh and Muslim
groups in India.
•
Tensions are high between Pakistan and India. It has been stated that
within the next decade or so, border feuds could escalate
significantly.
India’s future-Environmentally
•
India’s waste management has been stated to be very poor, and
has failed to keep up with development. Industrialization has
also effected the environment. Air quality is lowering, and
pollution is increasing. Landfills are becoming larger to
accommodate for the waste.
•
Unless a massive push for environmental reform occurs, India
may have a huge environmental crisis in a few decades or less.
India’s future- Demographically
•
As death rates continue to decrease, more of the population
will live longer, which will cause the population to continue
increasing over the next few years.
•
The fertility rate will stabilize near the replacement fertility
rate, causing the population pyramid to become more or a
square. The base of the pyramid will remain similar to the
shapes above it, creating an equal balance between the old and
the young.
India’s future-Socially
•
As the fertility rate hits 2.1, there won’t be as many children,
hence less schools will be needed. However, they will need to
account for the current lack of support for the current
generation.
•
There will need to be more support for the increasing number
of people living to be older
•
There will need to be an improvement in the public
transportation system to accommodate for extreme population
density and a growing economically active population.
•
Above and to the left
you can see examples
of overcrowding in
urban zones in India.
THE END