Transcript Paw Template

Veterinary Science
Safety & Sanitation
Why is the knowledge of
safety & sanitation
important in veterinary
medicine?
• Potentially hazardous situations
working with animals
• Hazardous chemicals, animal wastes
& x-rays
OSHA
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Occupational Health and Safety
Administration (OSHA)
Regulates & monitors employee safety
in the work place
Developed guidelines: Hazard
Communication Standard (HCS)
“Right to know”
MSDS
MSDS
Material Safety Data
Sheet
Includes 8 sections:
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Manufacturer Information
Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information
Physical/ Chemical Characteristics
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Control Measures
MSDS
Material Safety Data
Sheet
Manufacturers must provide one for
every chemical
Employers must provide training:
Hazards of specific chemicals
Use of protective clothing
How to use MSDS
Physical Hazards
Most common type of injury in vet hospital
Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratches
Back injuries – improperly lifting heavy
objects or animals
Falls on wet floors
Exposure to x-rays
Wear proper clothing & footwear, learn animal
behavior, handling & restraint techniques.
Chemical Hazards
Drugs
Cleaning agents
Insecticides
Anesthetic gases
Many are used routinely
Can cause damage to skin, eyes,
lungs
Some may cause abortions and/or
fetal abnormalities
Biological hazards
Living tissue and organisms
Blood
Urine
Live vaccines
Medical waste that has had contact with
living tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage
material, etc.)
Needles and scalpels “Sharps”
Biological hazards
Medical wastes must be sterilized,
incinerated, or chemically disinfected
before they are disposed of.
Gloves & protective clothing should be
worn when handling biohazards
Zoonotic hazards
• Any disease that can be passed from
animals to humans
• Viruses, bacteria, parasites & fungi can
cause zoonotic diseases
Zoonotic hazards
Viruses
Rabies
(Hydrophobia)
Sleeping Sickness
(Encephalitis)
Bacteria
Cat Scratch Fever
Leptospirosis
Salmonellosis
Brucellosis
Anthrax
Tuberculosis
Parasites
Sarcoptic mange
Toxoplasmosis
Visceral Larva
Migrans
(Toxocariasis)
Creeping Eruption
(Ancylostomiasis)
Fungus
Ringworm
Preventing spread
of diseases
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Vaccinate animals & humans
Proper waste disposal
Isolate infected animals
Proper handling of infected animals
Proper sanitation of hospital
Hand washing
Wearing protective clothing
Safety signs & equipment
Danger
Radioactive
Biohazard
Wet Floor
Dosimeter
Lead Gloves
Lead Apron
Back Brace
Drug Use and safety
1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention & Control Act
Title II: Controlled Substances Act
Regulate the manufacture &
distribution of drugs
Must keep drugs in a locked container
that only approved people have
access to
Daily Log
Drug Schedules
Schedule I: no medical use – high abuse
Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana,
Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine variants.
Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuse
Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and
cannabis, amphetamine and barbiturate types.
Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuse
Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic,
amphetamine and barbiturate types.
Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuse
Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan,
barbiturate types.
Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuse
Lomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions.
Types of Sanitation
Sanitation-process of keeping something free of
any elements that would endanger health.
Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs
of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood,
hair, etc.
Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms
on nonliving things by physical or chemical
means
Types of Sanitation
Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and
viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat
under pressure
Antiseptics – solutions that destroy
microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living
tissue
Commonly Used
chemicals
Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol,
ethanol
Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde
Chlorine – bleach
Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine
Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide,
Quatsyl-D
Alcohol
Effective against gram positive & gram
negative bacteria
Irritating to tissues
ALdehydes
Effective against gram positive & negative
bacteria, fungi & most viruses
Irritating & toxic to tissues
Chlorine
Effective against gram positive & negative
bacteria, fungi & most viruses
Irritating & toxic to tissues
Cheapest, most effective chemical disinfectant
Iodine & Iodophors
Effective against gram positive & negative
bacteria & fungi
Stains & irritates tissues
Quaternary
Ammonias
Effective against gram positive & negative
bacteria, some fungi & some viruses
Deodorizes
Methods of Sanitation
Physical cleaning –
using a chemical with a
mop or sponge
Cold sterilization –
soaking items in a
disinfectant chemical until
they are used
Dry heat – incinerating
an object or exposing it to
flame
Radiation – using
ultraviolet or gamma rays,
expensive & dangerous
Filtration – removing
particles from the air
using a physical barrier
Ultrasound – passing
high frequency sound
waves through a solution
to create a vibration that
scrubs an object to
remove debris
Autoclave – a sealed
chamber in which objects
are exposed to heat and
steam under pressure