Transcript Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

Western Aerostat Fliers
Preliminary Design Review
Western Technical College
LSI’s: Jon Grotjahn, Travis Haugstad, Joel
Nielsen
Mentor: Dr. Mike LeDocq
3/21/2015
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview
Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Statement:
Our goal is to safely and reliably fly an
aerostat and payload package to test and
discover the application and limitations of
Ka band power beaming technology.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview
• Prove effectiveness of Ka band power
beaming over a variety of distances
• Use to beam power to and from
balloon
• Immediately benefits NASA as a way
to provide power to satellites
• Eventually may benefit mankind as
alternative energy distribution
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Mission Objectives
• Prove concept of Ka band power beaming
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Repeatable power transmission at variety of altitudes
Power instrument package indefinitely
Beam harvested power from aerostat to ground
• Determine efficiency over distance, time, and with
varying atmospheric conditions
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Develop range of conditions where consistent measurable results
can be achieved
Understand limitations due to varying conditions
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Minimum Success Criteria
• Verify power transmission
• Determine distance limitations of power beam
• Power instrument payload
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Theory and Concepts
Radar Frequency Bands
24.05-24.5 GHz GHz
X-band
10.5-10.55 GHz
K-band
Ka Band
33.4-36.0 GHz
• Ka band covers 33.4-36.0 GHz
• Primarily used in vehicle speed detection and satellite
communication
• XISP developing “beaming” power to small CubeSat from ISS
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview:
Concept of Operations
Aerostat
Ka Radar Antenna
AIM XTRA
Variable DC
Power Supply
Logging Laptop
Base Unit
Generator
0V
Ground
30V
+
-
Ka Beaming
Radar
Mission Overview: Concept of Operations
At 152.4m (500ft)
Every 15.3 m (50ft)
Pre-launch
1) Ka band power transmission test
2) Switch to backup power
3) Collect data from all instruments
4) Hold altitude and run power efficiency tests
1) Ka band power transmission test
2) Switch to backup power
3) Collect data from all instruments
1) Safety check
2) Arm payload
3) Instrument and communication test
Mission Overview: Expected Results
• Ka band power beaming successful, but ability to beam
power could be lost between 15.3m and 152.4m
• Switching to backup power will be successful
• Successful collection of data from instrument payload
• Weather conditions likely to influence results
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Overview
Travis Haugstad
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Level Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Design – Physical Model
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Design – Physical Model
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Concept of Operations
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Radar emitter
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Antenna Array
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Sensor circuitry produces 3V signal when radar is detected
3V signal sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer
Kestrel Weather Station
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Converts Ka radar signal to voltage
Voltage processed by receiver and sent to “dummy” load
Voltage meter sends reading to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer
Radar Detector
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Sends Ka radar signal to aerostat
Radar detector on ground sends signal to laptop
Self contained power supply
Self contained data logging
AIM XTRA
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Receives power from on-board power supply
Receives data inputs from radar detector, radar antenna, solar energy sensor, and electrical power
supply
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Critical Interfaces
Interface Name
Ka
transmitter/Antenna
EPS/AX
Radar
detection/EPS
AX/Payload Deck
Light intensity
detector/AX
Brief Description
Potential Solution
The theory of Ka power beaming has been tested and
demonstrated. At this point, we do not have the already developed
equipment secured.
Extensive testing of Ka radar guns and antennas
may be necessary to develop our own power
beam.
The electrical power supply (EPS) must supply the AIM XTRA (AX)
and Arduino with 7.4 volts.
Two pairs of 3.7V Lithium Ion batteries in a series
aiding configuration. One will be charged while
the other is powering the system. We will use the
Arduino to control the charging.
We must detect if the payload is receiving Ka band signal using
radar sensor from Cobra SPX 5500.
We will use the electrical power system’s Arduino
to pick up and analyze the data before being sent
to the AIM XTRA.
The AIM XTRA will need to mount rigidly to the payload deck and
will also need to be weather resistant to protect sensitive electrical
components.
Electric wrap or 3D printed case.
Light intensity will need to be measured to further understand
correlations to UV intensity and it’s effect on Ka band power
beaming.
General Tools DBTU1300 digital solar power
meter provides digital output of light intensity
used for measuring solar energy. Output could be
sent directly to AIM XTRA for data transmission.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Requirement Verification Table: Ka radar
Requirement
Description
Verification Method
The Ka power beam must deliver 1 watt of
power at a minimum distance of 15.3m
Demonstration
The beamed power must remain stable
while power is dissipated through dummy
load
Analysis
The optimum rectenna will be mounted to
the payload deck
Inspection
Mock builds will verify this requirement
Test
The system will be subjected to multiple
test flights
The system shall be able to reproduce
power transfer results with same test
conditions
Power analysis will be conducted on the
ground in a controlled environment
The power dissipated will be monitored by
a current sensor connected to the dummy
load and data sent to AIM XTRA for real
time data logging
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Requirement Verification Table: EPS
Requirement
Description
Verification Method
The EPS will supply the components will
adequate power.
The power supply design does not
overload the payload with volts and
current.
Demonstration
Analysis
The full system shall fit on a single
Aerostat payload deck and keep the weight
to a minimum.
The electrical power system will maintain
power indefinitely with the help of a solar
panel.
Inspection
Test
A power on test where everything is
running well.
A system analysis with a volt ammeter.
Visual inspection and scale will verify this
requirement.
The system will be subjected to a full
power test for one day prior to launch.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Requirement Verification Table: FDC
Waiting for table
from Jon similar to
previous slides
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem Design
Ground System
Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Design Overview: Engineering Design
• Ground Equipment
• Radar gun and amplifier to produce Ka band radar waves
to beam power to aerostat
• Radar detector and LED indicator to ensure radar waves
are emitted
• Base station will receive data from AIM XTRA
• Laptop will log all data from base station
• Radar gun and detector will be powered by DC power
supply
• Laptop will be powered by AC generator
• Base unit receives power via USB cable from Laptop
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
GND: Risk Matrix
GND.RSK.2 GND.RSK.1
Consequence
GND.RSK.3
Possibility
GND.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF Ka power beam is not acquired or
developed
GND.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF real time data logging is
unsuccessful
GND.RSK.3: Mission timeline delayed if Ka power beam is not supplied by XISP
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem Design
Electrical Power System
Travis Haugstad
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Electrical Power System: Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Components
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Four 3.7 volt Lithium Ion batteries
• Two packs with 3.7 volts batteries wired in series for 7.4
volts
6 volt, 5.6 watt Solar Panel
Arduino Uno
D/C lithium charging control unit
Optocouplers
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Solar Panel
• 6V, 5.6W solar panel delivers required current for electrical
system
• Charging of two 3.7V battery packages demands higher
current
• Solar panel is weatherproof providing protection against
water infiltration which could damage panels and other
circuitry
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Charge Controllers
• Converts power from solar panel to useable power to charge
the lithium ion batteries
• Necessary to safely and accurately control charging of
lithium ion batteries
• Dangerous when incorrectly charged
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Lithium Ion Batteries
• Lithium ion provides resistance to battery “memory” which
causes degradation in performance over time
• Switching between 2 battery packs for optimum power
delivery does not allow battery to fully discharge
• Very high power to weight ratio to reduce payload weight
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Arduino and Optocouplers
• Arduino controls charging and discharging of batteries
• Arduino provides data measurements for system power
• Optocouplers isolate Arduino and AIM XTRA from charging
current
• Removes noise from charging current for electrically
sensitive devices
• Protects Arduino and AIM XTRA from excessive current flow
in the event of a fault in electrical system
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Risk Matrix
EPS.RSK.1
EPS.RSK.3
Consequence
EPS.RSK.2
Possibility
EPS.RSK.1: EPS will fail if a suitable charger cannot be obtained.
EPS.RSK.2: Information loss if we do not have the correct electrical components.
EPS.RSK.3: If EPS cannot support indefinite power, information will not be able to be
transmitted.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem Design
Ka Band Power Beam and Receiver
Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Power Beam Generation Block Diagram
Ka Power Beam Generation
Generator
Champion
3500W
Aerostat
Antenna
Interface
Inverter
AC/DC Variable
Power Supply
Radar Gun
Stalker ATR
Ka Band
Amplifier
High Frequency
Microwave
Amplifier
Laptop
Data
Logging
Source Radar
Detection
Sensor
• Ground Power Beam Generation
• Generator produces AC power
• AC to variable DC power supply
which powers radar gun
• Radar signal detected at source
and data logged
• Radar signal increased by
microwave amplifier
• Antenna system on aerostat
receives power beam
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Radar Detection Block Diagram
• Radar Detection on Aerostat
Ground
Interface
Electrical
Power
System
Radar Detection
Radar Detector
Sensor
From Cobra SPX5500
Amplifier
Op-Amp
JFET Amp
AIM XTRA
Transmits data to
Base station
Voltage Regulator
3V Zener Diode
Voltage Regulator IC
• Radar receiver removed from vehicle
radar detector
• Radar detector and digital circuitry
powered by on board battery and 6V
power supply
• Op-amp or JFET amplifier used to
provide voltage gain
• Digital circuitry created to provide a
0V signal if no radar is detected, or 3V
signal if radar is detected
• Digital signal sent to input of AIM
XTRA to transmit to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Power Beam Conversion Block Diagram
• Antenna Power Receiver
Ground
Interface
Electrical
Power
System
Power Beam Conversion
Fractal Antenna
Obtain from XISP
Aim XTRA
Transmits data to
base station
Voltmeter
Direct connection to
Aim XTRA input
Antenna Receiver
Obtain from XISP
Load Simulator
Voltage divider
Circuit
• Fractal antenna array used
to convert Ka band radar
waves to voltage
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Antenna obtained from XISP
• Voltage converted and
processed by receiver
• Voltage fed to resistor circuit
to simulate linear load
• Voltage meter used to feed
data to AIM XTRA to
transmit data to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Ka: Risk Matrix
Ka.RSK2
Ka.RSK1
Consequence
Ka.RSK.3
Possibility
Ka.RSK1: Mission timeline delayed if XISP does not provide power beam and
fractal antenna
Ka.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF power beaming cannot be produced
Ka.RSK.3: If valid radar detector signal cannot be obtained, we will be unable to
attribute lack of power to lack of signal
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem Design
Flight Data Collection, Transmission
and Logging
Jon Grotjahn
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Flight Data Collection Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Flight Data Logging Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Data Logging: Flight Data
• Flight Computer
• AIM XTRA used to monitor altitude and
strength/direction of earth’s magnetic field
• Data from radar detector, antenna power receiver, and
light detector sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to base
station
• Powered by EPS
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Data Logging: Weather Conditions
• Weather Station
• Kestrel portable weather meter used to collect wind,
pressure, humidity, and temperature
• Data stored on internal SD card of Kestrel
• Light intensity sensor mounted near fractal antenna will
provide data to AIM XTRA for transmission to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
FDC: Risk Matrix
FDC.RSK.2
Consequence
FDC.RSK.1
FDC.RSK.3
Possibility
FDC.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF AIM XTRA fails in-flight
FDC.RSK.2: The AIM XTRA system can’t survive launch conditions, and the
mission objectives aren’t met
FDC.RSK.3: A strain will be put on the budget IF the system fails out of warranty
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Test/Prototyping Plan
Jon Grotjahn
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Prototyping Plan
Power Supply
Concern about power supply
providing indefinite power for on
board electronics
Prototype this interface and
verify the power requirements of
equipment
Radar Beam
Concerns about acquiring radar
gun from XISP
Contact Gary Barnhart, or
develop alternative from
parts
Radar
Antenna
Concerns about developing fractal
antenna if one is not provided from
XISP
Contact Gary Barnhart, or
develop alternative from
parts
AIM XTRA
Software
The software needs to be
modified to accommodate
additional inputs of varying levels
Contact manufacturer about
capabilities about software
customization
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Project Management Plan
Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Organizational Chart
Faculty Mentor
Dr. Michael LeDoqc
Industry Mentor
Gary Barnhart
Data Transfer, Build Team Lead
Jon Grotjahn
Power System Team Lead
Travis Haugstad
Ka Band Team Lead
Joel Nielsen
Software/Hardware
ASI to be named
Battery Power
ASI to be named
Radar Beaming
ASI to be named
Fabrication
ASI to be named
Solar Power
ASI to be named
Radar Reception
ASI to be named
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Schedule
• What are the major milestones for your project?
• (i.e. when will things be prototyped?)
• CDR
• When will you begin procuring hardware?
• Start thinking all the way to the end of the project!
• Rough integration and testing schedule in the spring
• Etc, etc, etc
• Need team input
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Budget
Item
Description
Subsystem
Unit Price
Quantity
Total Cost
Generator
Champion 3,500W
Ground Power system
$
259.99
1
$
259.99
Radar Detector
Circuit Board
Amplifier
Current Sensor
Cobra SPX5500
Breadboard
Op-amp (TLV2361)
1NA160 IC
Ka Payload
Ka Payload
Ka Payload
Ka Payload
$
$
$
$
101.99
1.76
0.99
9.95
1
2
1
1
$
$
$
$
101.99
3.52
0.99
9.95
Radar Gun
Battery
Controller
Solar Panel
Charger Controller
Current Sensor
Circuit Board
Resistor Kit
Diodes
Optocoupler
Zener Diodes
Jumper Kit
AIM XTRA
AIM BASE receiver
Kestrel with Horus
General Tools Digital Solar Meter
Stalker ATR
Li-Ion, 3.7V, 10400mAh
Arduino Uno
6V, 5.6W
USB/DC/Solar Li-Ion Charger
1NA160 IC
Breadboard
Assorted resistor sizes
1N4001 (10 pack)
Optocoupler (need part #)
Zener (need part #)
(need part #)
(need part #)
(need part #)
(need part #)
DBTU1300
Ka Ground System
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
EPS
FDC
FDC
FDC
FDC
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
171.99
33.59
24.99
67.50
17.50
9.95
1.76
10.00
1.50
2.00
0.50
2.90
325.00
125.00
729.00
107.99
1
4
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
171.99
134.36
24.99
67.50
35.00
19.90
3.52
10.00
1.50
8.00
2.50
2.90
325.00
125.00
729.00
107.99
Total + 25% Margin
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
$
2682
Contact Matrix
Team
Member Last
Name
Team
Team Role Email
Member
First Name
Phone
Beier
James
ASI
[email protected]
(608) 498-7678
Grotjahn
Jon
LSI
[email protected]
(507) 450-8257
Haugstad
Travis
LSI
[email protected]
(507) 450-2802
LaPlante
Brian
ASI
[email protected]
(608) 863-5254
LeDocq
Mike
Mentor
[email protected]
(608) 797-4202
Nielsen
Joel
LSI
[email protected]
(608) 792- 9705
Rudy
Landon
ASI
[email protected]
(608) 797-6421
Wagner
Josh
ASI
[email protected]
(608) 782-4575
Watson
Nicolas
ASI
[email protected]
(608) 516-6810
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Conclusion
• Summarize your main action items to
get done before CDR
• Issues, concerns, any questions
• Add info from team on Monday
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review