Transcript Western Aerostat Fliers Preliminary Design Review

Western Aerostat Fliers
Critical Design Review
Western Technical College
LSI’s: Jon Grotjahn, Travis Haugstad, Joel Nielsen
Mentor: Dr. Mike LeDocq
4/13/2015
Tethered Aerostat Program
Critical Design Review
Mission Statement:
Our goal is to safely and reliably fly an aerostat and
payload package to test and discover the application
and limitations of Ka band power beaming
technology.
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Mission Overview
Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
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Mission Overview:
• Prove effectiveness of Ka band power beaming over a variety
of distances
• Use to beam power to and from balloon
• Immediately benefits NASA as a way to provide power to
satellites
• Eventually may benefit mankind as alternative energy
distribution
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Mission Overview: Mission Objectives
• Prove concept of Ka band power beaming
• Repeatable power transmission at variety of altitudes
• Power instrument package indefinitely
• Beam harvested power from aerostat to ground
• Determine efficiency over distance, time, and with varying
atmospheric conditions
• Develop range of conditions where consistent measurable results can be
achieved
• Understand limitations due to varying conditions
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Organizational Chart
Industry Mentor
David de Bruyn - Entacore
Faculty Mentor
Dr. Michael LeDocq
Industry Mentor
Mike Wilson – KMA Sales
Data Transfer, Build Team Lead
Jon Grotjahn
Power System Team Lead
Travis Haugstad
Ka Band Team Lead
Joel Nielsen
Software/Hardware
Landon Rudy
Battery Power
Nicolas Watson
Radar Beaming
Josh Wagner
Fabrication
Lor Xiong
Solar Power
Brian LaPlante
Radar Reception
James Beier
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Mission Overview: Theory and Concepts
Radar Frequency Bands
24.05-24.5 GHz GHz
X-band
Ka Band
K-band
10.5-10.55 GHz
33.4-36.0 GHz
• Ka band covers 33.4-36.0 GHz
• Primarily used in vehicle speed detection and satellite
communication
• XISP developing “beaming” power to small CubeSat from ISS
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Mission Overview: Aerostat
Concept of Operations
Ka Radar Antenna
AIM XTRA
Variable DC
Power Supply
Logging Laptop
Base Unit
Generator
0V
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Ground
30V
+
-
Ka Beaming
Radar
Mission Overview: Concept of Operations
At 152.4m (500ft)
Every 15.3 m (50ft)
Pre-launch
1) Ka band power transmission test
2) Switch to backup power
3) Collect data from all instruments
4) Hold altitude and run power efficiency tests
1) Ka band power transmission test
2) Switch to backup power
3) Collect data from all instruments
1) Safety check
2) Arm payload
3) Instrument and communication test
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Mission Overview: Expected Results
• Ka band power beaming successful, but ability to beam power could
be lost between 15.3m and 152.4m
• Switching to backup power will be successful
• Successful collection of data from instrument payload
• Weather conditions likely to influence results
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Design Description
Name of Presenter
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De-Scopes and Off-Ramps
• XISP no longer a viable partner, all Ka technology will be prototyped
and developed by our team
• Payload platform may eventually be produced using 3-D ABS printer
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Mechanical Design Elements
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Ka Radar Detection Design Elements
Signal from Radar Detector
Op-Amp - Comparator
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Voltage Regulator
Fractal Antenna Design Elements
• First, second, and third order of fractal antenna
• Dimensions subject to specific radar frequency
• Antennas will be developed in the event that signal cannot be obtained from radar detector
antenna
Source: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/2012/361517/
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Signal Rectifier Design Elements
Voltage Doubler
Current to Voltage Converter
• Signal from Antenna fed through voltage doubler (likely order of 7)
• Schottky diodes used for high frequency application
• Op-amp used to convert current to voltage signal
• Will need +/- Vcc voltage of 5V
• Goal is to develop circuit where a known value of current will produce a
known value of voltage
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Electrical Design Changes
• Since the PDR
• Relays have replaced optoisolators
• More efficient switching circuits developed
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Electrical Design Elements
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Electrical Design Elements – Section A
• The relay will be energized by the
Arduino.
• When not energized the normally
closed switch will pass current to the
batteries, “1”, and the normally open
switch will act as electrical “open”
passing no current to the batteries, “2”.
• When the relay is energized, the
normally closed switch will open and
stop current flow to batteries, “1”, and
the normally open switch will close and
allow current to flow to batteries, “2”.
• The diode will prevent any voltages
from returning back to the Arduino
when the current changes quickly in
the coil. Thus preventing damage.
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Electrical Design Elements – Section B
• The Zener regulator will
receive between 7.4-14.8 volts
from the battery source.
• The Zener diode will always
drop 5.1 volts. The rest of the
voltage will be dropped across
the resistor R1.
• The Aim Xtra will then get its
voltage across the Zener diode
and ground, insuring it will
always receive 5.1V during
voltage spikes.
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Electrical Design Elements – Section C
• The photocell consists of a fixed 10k
ohm resistor and a variable resistor
set up in a voltage divider
configuration
• The variable resistor will vary
between 1K-10K ohms depending
on the amount of light it is receiving
• We will apply 3.3 volts to the top of
the fixed resistor and take voltage
measurements between the fixed
and variable resistors
• These voltage readings will be sent
to the Arduino where it will be sent
through an algorithm to be
computed into useable data.
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Power and Data Control Design Elements
• If time, X, > time, W, && light sensor is high then && Pin 1 is Low:
• Make Pin 1 high on Arduino
• If Pin 1 goes high wait time, Z, and switch Pin 2 high.
• Reset time X
• Else If time, X,>time, W, && light sensor is high then && Pin 1 is High:
• Make Pin 1 low on Arduino
• If Pin 1 goes low wait time, Z, and switch Pin 2 low.
• Reset time X
• Else If light sensor is low then:
•
•
•
•
Make Pin 1 low
Make Pin 1 low
Reset time, X,
If time, X, >= time, T, then make Pin 1 high.
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Software Design Elements
• The Arduino will save all
data from the weather
sensors and control the
power source.
• The AIM XTRA will collect
the radar data in the air
and live feed it to the
AIM Base were it will
sent to the laptop for live
viewing and storage.
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Prototyping/Analysis
Name of Presenter
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Prototyping Results
• EPS prototyped relay and voltage regulator circuit on MultiSim
(electrical simulation software)
• Upcoming prototyping
•
•
•
•
Payload platform
Bread board circuits
Fractal antenna
Radar gun modifications
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Analysis Results
•EPS relay and voltage regulator
• Tests showed that our calculations for the Zener regulator were
able to hold 5V to the Aim Xtra from a 7.4V-14.8V.
• Tests showed that our relay can be switched with 3.3V and less
than 40mA.
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Future Prototyping
• Prototype the relays without the Arduino. We will monitor the
switching current.
• Prototype the solar panel and charge controllers to monitor the
charging current
• Prototype our Arduino and Aim Xtra with just a battery to ensure
it will power the system.
• Finally Prototype the whole system before soldering where we
will monitor the currents through the system, especially the
sourcing/sinking currents from the Arduino.
• We must do all our current readings now before soldering the
system.
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Detailed Mass Budget
Description
Mass (g)
Platform*
800
Rectenna*
20
Sensors*
100
Power Terminal (2)
60
Batteries (4)
203
Solar Panel
225
Bread Boards (2)
60
Wiring*
100
Mounts/Hardware*
500
Kestrel
125
Total Mass
2193
• Platform weight includes T-bar
• * denotes estimation
• Continuous mass testing will be
performed throughout the
building process
• Platform weight may increase is
vane is required to stabilize
• 2193g = 4.8lbs
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Power Discussion
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Build Plan
Name of Presenter
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Mechanical Build Elements
•Platform obtained from Dan Hawk, additional modifications
made as necessary
•Need T-bar to perform structural tests
•Component mounts and enclosures created with 3-D ABS
printer
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Mechanical System Schedule
• May 15, 2015 – Platform base completed
• May 22, 2015 – Structural testing completed
• May 31, 2015 – Tethered testing completed
• June 14, 2015 – Components attached to payload base, full system
testing begins
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Ka Power Beam Elements
•RF amplifier to be installed in radar gun
•Radar gun converted to DC power supply
•Fractal antennas need to be developed and tested
•Monitoring circuitry needs to be prototyped and tested
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Ka Band Schedule
• May 15, 2015 – All components aquired
• May 22, 2015 – Radar gun converted to DC power supply
• May 31, 2015 – Fractal antenna patterns etched, if necessary
• June 5, 2015 – Fractal antenna tests completed
• June 12, 2015 – Amplifier installed in radar gun
• June 14, 2015 – Amplified radar signal testing completed
• June 14, 2015 – Antenna and resistor circuitry attached to payload,
full system integration testing begins
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Electrical Elements
• 2 lithium-ion rechargeable battery packs
• Zener regulator
• Solar panel wired to charge controllers
• Charge controller feeds through relays
• Relays controlled by Arduino
• Arduino software controls charging/discharging of batteries
• All circuits will be prototyped using MultiSim and the prototyped on
breadboards, then custom PCBs will be developed
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Electrical System Schedule
Week
Task
Begin
Finish
Week 1
Get Components
April 27th
May 1st
Week 2
Prototyping
May 4th
May 11th
Week 2
Write Code
May 4th
May 8th
Week 3-4
Build
May 11th
May 25th
Week 3-4
Individual Test
May 11th
May 25th
Week 5
System Test
May 25th
May 29th
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Software Elements
• Open-source Arduino Software (ARDUINO 1.6.3)
• AIM XTRA
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Software Development Schedule
• 04/26/2015 – Programing begins
• 05/15/2015 – Begin software testing
• 06/15/2015 – Complete all software programming and testing
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Testing Plan
Name of Presenter
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Mechanical Testing
• Weight verification
• Ensure loaded payload platform is below specified weight
• Scale
• Balance testing
• Verify placement of components allows stable balance of payload platform
• Suspend payload from prototyped tether system
• Aerodynamic testing
• Will aerostat airfoil provide sufficient stabilization, or will additional wind vane on
payload be necessary?
• Consult with manufacturer of aerostat
• Tethering testing
• Determine how to attach payload to aerostat to prevent tangling of lines
• Suspend payload, subject to wind testing
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Ka Band Generation and Rectenna Testing
• Develop 3 fractal antenna patterns
• Test efficiencies of each with unaltered radar gun and RF test meter
• Install TGA516 RF amplifier and repeat tests with addition of radar
detector to ensure radar signal is present
• Convert radar gun from battery operation to power supply operation
• Continue testing efficiencies, modify fractal pattern depending on
results
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Electrical Testing
• We will develop a dummy load equal to the other systems and place the
system outside in the sun.
• We will also monitor voltages, with a volt meter, at relay transitions to
ensure they we do not get spikes in voltage and that we do not go below the
components minimums.
• We will also be checking to make sure nothing is over heating. We will do
that by touch.
• We will do testing throughout the build process, weeks 3 & 4, to ease
troubleshooting incase of an issue.
• We will do a full test after we have the Electrical Sub-System finished, week
5.
• All components will be added and tested individually
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Software Testing
• May 2, 2015 – Complete testing of software without hardware
• May 15, 2015 – Complete testing of software with individual
hardware
• May 31, 2015 – Complete testing of software with each subsystem
• June 5, 2015 – Complete testing of software with all hardware
• June 14, 2015 – Complete testing of software with flight simulation
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System Level Testing
• Test antenna and rectifier circuit for power transfer
• Ground testing with dummy load attached and oscilloscope for data logging
• At this point, stable power transfer of 1W will be expected
• Resistor circuit will be developed depending on voltage acquired from Ka signal
• Test logging capabilities of Aim XTRA
• Ground testing with software modifications complete
• Use multiple signal generators to simulate data and compare results
• Testing starts as soon as software is acquired from Aim
• Test power system for efficiency
• Extended ground testing using dummy load, eventually Aim XTRA will be tested to
log data
• Testing starts as soon as system is constructed
• Test Arduino redundant data collection
• Log data with Aim XTRA and write data to SD card on Arduino and compare results
• Testing starts as soon as system is constructed
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Risks
Name of Presenter
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Risk Walk-Down
KA.RSK.1
Consequence
FDC.RSK.1
EPS.RSK.1
Possibility
• FDC.RSK.1 : First flight will be delayed if Aim XTRA is not received by May 14,
2015
• KA.RSK.1 : Mission objective will not be met if rectenna cannot be developed
• EPS.RSK.1 : Data collection will be minimized if indefinite power is not produced
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New Risk Walk-Down
• Aim XTRA is backordered
• Much of our data collection depends on the use of the Aim XTRA,
especially real time data logging
• Alternative is SD card on Arduino
• Borrow Aim XTRA from Dan Hawk
•Ka Rectenna
• Unknown technology at this point, will be trial and error
•EPS requirements are unknown
• Some power specs have been estimated, will not know until testing
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Project Management Plan
Name of Presenter
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Project Schedule
• May 15, 2015 – Payload mockup completed, prototyping for mounts
begins
• June 14, 2015 – Payload mounting completed, full scope ground
testing starts
• June 20, 2015 – Tenative First launch
• July 25, 2015 – Tentative second launch
• August 1, 2015 – All data analyzed, begin white paper
• August 7, 2015 – White paper completed, finalize presentation,
practice
• August 14,2015 – EAA presentation
Tethered Aerostat Program
Critical Design Review
Budget
Item
Lithium Ion 3.7V 10400mAH (Battery)
6V 5.6W Solar Panel
USB/DC/Solar Lithium Ion Charger (Charger
Controller)
Circuit Board (Breadboard)
1N4004 (Diodes)(10 Pack)
DPDT Relay
1N4733A 5.1V Zener Diodes
ROYAL MARINE A-A FIR PLYWOOD
Whistler XTR-140 (Radar Detector)
RF Amp (TGA4515)(Radar Amplifier)
1NA160 IC (Current Sensor)
Stalker ATR (Radar Gun)
PCB Etch Kit (Circuit Board Etching Kit)
Ka Fractal Antenna Reciever
Schottky Diodes
Terminal Block (Power Strip)
Comparator op-amp
Cost
$ 33.59
$ 67.50
Quantity
$ 17.50
$
1.76
$
1.50
$
5.69
$
0.25
$ 31.88
$ 31.48
$ 107.00
$
9.95
$ 149.00
$
5.67
$ 149.00
$
0.44
$
4.95
$
0.43
Tethered Aerostat Program
Critical Design Review
4
1
2
4
1
2
5
1
1
1
3
1
10
1
4
2
1
Total
Item Total
$ 134.36
$
67.50
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
35.00
7.04
1.50
11.38
1.25
31.88
31.48
107.00
29.85
149.00
56.70
149.00
1.76
9.90
0.43
825.03
Project Summary
• Potential donation of radar equipment from local law
enforcement
• Extensive ground testing required
• Methods of data collection may change depending on success
of data logging
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Conclusion
• Data collection waiting on backordered flight controller and
software development
• Power system waiting for components to start building and
testing
• Radar system waiting for components to start building and
testing
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