Transcript Building Materials Outline

Building Materials Outline
• Materials for Sustainable Sites
• Materials or Products that
Minimize Environmental Impacts
• Smart Materials
• Extending the Lifetime of
Materials (mtls.optimization)
Materials for Sustainable Sites
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Use No New Materials, Don’t Rebuild
Reuse Existing Structures in Place
Reduce Material Use
Use Durable Materials
• Reclaim and Reuse Materials or
Products in Whole Form
• Use Reclaimed Materials from
Other Sources
• Reprocess Existing Structures
and Materials for Use On-site
(downcycle)
• Use Reprocessed Materials from
Other Sites
• Specify Materials and Products with
Reuse Potential and Design for
Disassembly (DfD)
• Specify Recycled-content Materials
and Products
• Use Materials and Products with
Recycling Potential
• Reclaim and Reuse Materials or
Products in Whole Form
• Use Reclaimed Materials from
Other Sources
• Reprocess Existing Structures and
Materials for Use On-site
MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS THAT
MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• Use Sustainably Harvested or Mined
Materials
• Use Certified Wood
• Use Minimally Processed Materials
• Specify Low Embodied Energy Materials
• Use Local Materials
• Specify Low-polluting Materials
• Specify Low-water Use and Low–
water-polluting Materials
• Specify Materials Produced with
Energy from Renewable Sources
MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS THAT POSE
NO OR LOW HUMAN HEALTH RISKS
• Low-emitting Materials and
Products
• Specify Materials or Products That
Avoid Toxic Chemicals or Byproducts
MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS THAT
ASSIST WITH SUSTAINABLE SITE
DESIGN STRATEGIES
• Products That Promote a Site’s Hydrologic
Health
• Materials and Products That Sequester Carbon
• Products That Reduce the Urban Heat Island
Effect
• Products That Reduce Energy Consumption of
Site Operation
• Products That Reduce Water Consumption of
Site Operation
Two types of Smart materials
Type 1
 property-changing
Chromics or ‘color-changing’ smart
materials
Type 2 – a material or device that
transforms energy from one form to another
to effect a desired final state.
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
Fundamental characteristics of chromics
A class of smart materials that are invariably fascinating to any
designer is the so-called ‘color-changing’ material group
which includes the following:
* Photochromics – materials that change color when exposed to light
* Thermochromics – materials that change color due to
temperature changes.
* Mechanochromics – materials that change color due to
imposed stresses and/or deformations.
* Chemochromics – materials that change color when
exposed to specific chemical environments.
* Electrochromics – materials that change color when a voltage is
applied. Related technologies include liquid crystals and suspended
particle devices that change color or transparencies when electrically
activated.
Dichroic light field from James Carpenter Design Associates.
To animate a blank, brick fac¸ade, a field of 216 dichroic
fins was attached perpendicularly to a large plane of semiReflective glass. Schematic representation of Mike Davies’
‘Hyposurface’ installation combines position sensors with conventional a
to create a responsive surface. Images courtesy of Marc Goulthorpe and
Architects
Phosphorescent material translucent
covering voltage source to
Electroluminescent wire
A ‘cloth’ made by weaving fiber-optic strands that are lighted
by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). (Yokiko Koide
Aerogel has a density only three times that of air, but itcan
support significant weights and is a superb insulator. Aerogels
were discovered in 1931 but were not explored until the 1970s.
(NASA)
The ‘heat’ chair that usesthermochromic paint to
provide a marker of where and when the body rested
on the surface. (Courtesy of Juergen Mayer H)
Fiber-optics, dichroic glasses and LEDs were used by James Carpenter
Design Associates in this lobby installation for Bear Stearns in New York.
The green zone is produced with fiber-optics and dichroic glass, it serves
as a soft contrast to the moving blue LED information screens. (James
Type 2 – smart materials
 a material or device that
transforms energy from one
form to another to effect a
desired final state.
Aegis Hyposurface by deCOi Architects.
Each moving element of the panel was
driven by pneumatic actuators
Lighting simulation of interior office space using
Radiance software. The contours illustrate the large
variability that occurs in typical spaces. Simulation
courtesy of John An.
SMART MATERIALS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES
An important category is the
environment of the application:
 can the material function in
a corrosive atmosphere, can it withstand
being submerged in sea water?
 classifications might include
cost, availability, or recyclability as categorie
of equal
importance to the more basic descriptive
ones such as state
and composition.
 the final objective in all
engineering applications is the
optimization of a material