Transcript PPT - Auburn School District

Child Growth and Development
CHILD DEVELOPMENT: The study
of a child from conception to age 18

The five stages of development are:
1. Infancy--birth to 12 months
2. Toddler--12 months to 3 years
3. Preschool--3 years to 6 years
4. School age--6 years to 12 years
5. Adolescents--13 years to 18 years
Child Growth & Development
GROWTH: A child's physical increase in
size or amount that is easily seen.
 DEVELOPMENT: The ability to do things
that are complex and difficult.

LAWS OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
1.
Growth proceeds from head to foot
a)
2.
Growth proceeds from near to far
(proximal-distal)
a)
3.
From body trunk outward, scoot body, wave arms,
grab object, pick up objects
Growth proceeds from the simple to the
complex
a)
4.
Lift head, pick up objects, walk to objects
Sleeping, being fed, holding the bottle, feeding self
Growth is continuous and orderly
a)
Both legs grow at the same time and rate.
5 Areas of Development

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
◦ Includes muscle coordination and control, growth in size
and in proportion.
 Examples: a child rolling over, lifting its head, or sitting up.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
◦ The ability of the brain or mind to take in and process
information.
 Examples: a child recognizing their name, or recognizing a parent,
recognizing that when they shake a rattle it will make a noise.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:
◦ A child learning and discovering the expectations and rules
for interacting with others.
 Examples: a child smiling at mother, a child learning to share a toy
with a friend.
5 Areas of Development

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
◦ The ability to recognize and understand feelings
and how to respond to them appropriately.
 Example: a child feeling jealousy due to a new baby in
the family, a child feeling love for another person, a child
being afraid of the dark.

MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
◦ Identifying personal values.
 Examples: right or wrong, behaving according to what
others need or want, respecting human rights,
developing principles to guide behavior.
 Who ate the sprinkles?
Why do we observe Children?

To gain a deeper understanding of children, in general
◦ How they think and feel, how they can be expected to grow and
behave.

To get to know a specific child better
◦ The child's needs interests, skills, problems, and feelings.
To assess where a child is developmentally and make
comparisons with other children that same age.
 To identify special needs, problems, or interests children may
have.
 To assess teaching skills

◦ A teacher can analyze the set-up of the room, the scheduling of
activities, observing when learning problems take place, etc.

To make a conscious effort to know all the children in a group
equally well.
◦ Some children stand out in a group due to a talent or behavior
problem. Others tend to get lost in the crowd by blending in too
well. A teacher must know all the children in the group and try to
meet all of their needs.

Development
The Developing Brain from Age
7-12
Intellectual Growth

With the person next to you, answer the
following questions the best you can:
◦ What is intellectual growth?
◦ What do you think intellectual growth
includes?
◦ How can you tell when intellectual growth
takes place?
Intellectual Growth
An increase in brain power
 Allows for higher-level learning and
thinking
 Affects memory, awareness, and curiosity,
idealism, and abstract thinking
 Growth takes place when people think
and function at a higher level

◦ Remembering more
Signs of Intellectual Growth

Memory
◦ Central to learning
◦ People use short-term and longterm memory to learn
 How do we use short-term memory
to learn?
 How do we use long-term memory
to learn?
◦ Improvement in memory allow
older children to learn more and
use knowledge more efficiently
 No longer counting on fingers
 Adding & subtracting automatically
Signs of Intellectual Growth
Awareness and Curiosity





Become more aware of the people around them
Become better at controlling own behavior &
understanding others
Begin to recognize another person’s point of
view
Begin to think of themselves according to
feelings and beliefs other than just physical
features.
Develop interests that can last a lifetime
◦ Sports, acting, reading, music, etc.
Idealism and Abstract Thinking

Young children judge whether something is right or
wrong by how much pleasure or pain it involves
◦ EXAMPLE: Time-outs

Older children & teens adopt moral standards that
role models will approve of
◦ EXAMPLE: Parents, coaches, teachers

Preteens recognize complex social problems
◦ Prejudice or crime

They do not understand why problems are difficult to
solve
◦ EXAMPLE: To prevent theft, thieves just need to stop
stealing

Cannot yet analyze ideas to see if they are realistic
Problem Solving Challenge
Working with a partner, you will be given
a complex problem
 Attempt to think like a preteen and come
up with idealistic solutions to your
problem
 You have 3 minutes to come up with
solutions

Attention Span
Around age 12,
attention span grows
shorter
 Tend to learn less –
can’t concentrate as
long
 Grades may drop, test
scores may decline
 QUESTION: How can
this be prevented?

How do Children Learn?
Theories About How Children
Learn

Piaget:
◦ Children’s thinking skills develop through different
stages

Vygotsky:
◦ Biological development and cultural experience
influence a child’s ability to learn

Montessori:
◦ Stresses the importance of self-directed learning

Gardner:
◦ Knowledge is many-sided, people learn differently

Sternberg:
◦ People have varying degrees of analytical, creative, and
practical intelligence
What does this all mean?
Working in groups, you will be assigned a
particular theory
 You will read the theory and write down
the MAJOR bullet points of your theory
 Make sure you are thorough
 Write in your own words
 We will discuss with the class

Learning Methods

In order to meet the needs of different
children, teachers use a variety of learning
methods
◦ QUESTION: What are some learning
strategies teachers use in your classes?

Most common methods:
◦ Direct
◦ Peer
◦ Independent Learning
Direct Learning

Children capable of direct learning can get
facts and ideas by listening and reading
◦ EXAMPLE: Lecture followed by reading
Must pay close attention to teacher
 Learn to take notes and read textbooks
on their own
 Progress can be measured with tests,
quizzes, and essays
 Direct Instruction Spelling

Peer Learning
A learning method in which students
interact with one another
 Students work together in pairs, small
groups, or as a class project
 Advantage: Students may feel less
awkward about asking questions
 Helps students learn to work together, to
communicate, and to build time and
resource management skills
 Peer Instruction

Independent Learning
Allows students to work on their own
 Prepares students for long-term
assignments common in high school,
college, and the workforce
 May be instructed to choose and research
a topic
 Completed in many steps
 QUESTION: Which method do you think
would be the best for learning?

Howard Gardner

Piaget:
◦ Children’s thinking skills develop through different
stages

Challenged Piaget by theorizing that knowledge is
many-sided
◦ EXAMPLE: A 7-year-old who is at a certain stage in
understanding numbers may be at a different stage in
verbal development
In a nutshell: Everyone learns differently
 The more students develop their different
intelligences, the greater their skills and
knowledge will become.

Gardner’s 8 Intelligences

Intrapersonal – Myself Smart
◦ You know about yourself and your strengths and
weaknesses.You probably keep a diary.

Musical – Music Smart
◦ You enjoy music and can recognize sounds, and
timbre, or the quality of a tone.

Visual/Spatial – Picture Smart
◦ You are good at art and also good at other activities
where you look at pictures like map reading, finding
your way out of mazes and graphs.

Naturalistic – Nature Smart
◦ You like the world of plants and animals and enjoy
learning about them.
Gardner’s 8 Intelligences

Kinesthetic – Body Smart
◦ You enjoy sports and are good at swimming, athletics,
gymnastics and other sports.

Linguistic – Word Smart
◦ You enjoy reading, writing and talking about things.

Logical – Number Smart
◦ You are good at mathematics and other number
activities; you are also good at solving problems.

Interpersonal – People Smart
◦ You like to mix with other people and you belong to
lots of clubs.You like team games and are good at
sharing.
Do you know which one you are?
Go to my webpage
 Click on “Take a Test”
 Answer the questions – Print out your results!
 After you have printed your results, write a
paragraph (on the back of printout) analyzing
your results

◦ What are your top 2? Bottom 2? Do you agree with
your results? How could you increase this
intelligence? How can teachers help you increase this
intelligence?