Transcript CSA_Lecture - Simon Fraser University

ELECTRICAL PRODUCT SAFETY
Simon Fraser University
School of Engineering Science
Ken Rutledge
CSA International
ELECTRICAL PRODUCT SAFETY
WHY?
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ELECTRICAL PRODUCT SAFETY
PURPOSE
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public safety
government requirement
liability –
mfr / retail / user / etc
marketing
and . . . .
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ELECTRICAL PRODUCT SAFETY
BECAUSE!
Someone will find a way to
use your product in a way
that you didn’t intend it to
be used
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STANDARDS
WHY?
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Public / Consumer Safety
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Global Markets
Consistency –
competitors / countries
Compatibility –
connection
communication / inter-
Risk mitigation
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STANDARDS
• Standards used to evaluate products for
hazards
• Hazards may be unique to class of
product. ie: electro-medical products
2-part series
 part-1 general requirements
 50+ ‘part 2’ product-specific requirements
• CSA 2500 published standards
• 350+ electrical / electronic
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STANDARDS
STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
• Written by consensus
• Representation from:
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industry
standards committees
academics
special interest groups
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STANDARDS
ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONIC
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industrial / commercial
consumer
information technology
distribution
electro-medical
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STANDARDS
HARMONIZED STANDARDS
• International Electrotechnical
Commission - IEC
• International Adoption
• National Standards with differences
• Global Market
• Reduced compliance costs
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HAZARDS
TYPES OF HAZARD
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fire
electric shock
energy
physical
essential performance
or . . .
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HAZARDS
. . . a complete lack of common sense
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HAZARDS
AVAILABLE CURRENT / POWER
household mains branch supply:
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120V, 15A nominal
can deliver 30A / 2m before breaker trip
up to 20kA momentary fault
T-slot receptacles – 40A / 2m
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HAZARDS
TYPICAL LIMITS FOR HAZARDS
 Fire: Power > 15W = potential fire hazard
 Electric Burn: 0.45µC @ > 60V = hazardous
charge
 Physical Burn:
 Metalic: 75C
 Polymeric: 95C
 Secondary hazard
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HAZARDS
TYPICAL LIMITS FOR HAZARDS
 SHOCK - Current > 0.5mA = reaction
 SHOCK - Current > 10mA = can’t let go
 SHOCK – Current > 0.01mA patient contact
 Physiology controlled by electrical impulses
 Conflicting impulses can cause fibrillation or arrest
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HAZARDS
ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE (medical)
• Non-critical function:
- Stereo display 60db but actual 54db
• Critical Function:
- Ventilator delivery
- Defibrillator impulse
- ECG display
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COMPLIANCE
STRATEGIES FOR COMPLIANCE
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Design compliance into product
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Test before applying for evaluation
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Preliminary consultation
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Risk Management
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COMPLIANCE
STRATEGIES FOR COMPLIANCE
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Separately approved components
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External approved power supply
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Fault protection
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Redundant protection
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CERTIFICATION
PURPOSE
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Independent compliance evaluation
by an accredited 3rd party
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Required by local regulators
Access to international markets
On-going conformity assessment
Marketing
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CERTIFICATION
PRODUCT EVALUATION
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Physical examination
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Testing
• Normal operation
• Fault conditions
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Documentation
• Descriptive Report for inspections
• Certificate and product listing for client
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CERTIFICATION
FOLLOW-UP
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Manufacturing Inspections
Re-Examination
Annual fees
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CERTIFICATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
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Mandatory
Industry Canada
US FCC
International
Harmonized
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INTERNATIONAL
CB SCHEME
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International agreement
Harmonized standards
Common report format
Issue local certification mark
Global Market
Reduced compliance costs
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INTERNATIONAL
CE MARK
• European Union countries
• Product specific Directives
• Electronic: Low Voltage Directive
• Safety and EMC
• Self-Declaration
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INTERNATIONAL
WEEE DIRECTIVE
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Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment
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EU Member countries
Landfill content
Producer responsible for recycling costs
Manufacture with ‘friendly’ materials
Will become CE Mark requirement
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY COMPLIANCE
PURPOSE
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public safety
government requirement
liability
marketing
and . . .
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY COMPLIANCE
You know they’re
out there . . .
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY COMPLIANCE
Questions?
Ken Rutledge
CSA International
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