Transcript Ethics 1
Ethics ©Dr. Emeric Solymossy The Pyramid of Social Responsibility Source: Carroll, “The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility”, reprinted from Business Horizons (July/August 1991), pg. 39-48 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company Ethical Philosophies 1. Utilitarianism (Bentham & Mills) Ethics of consequences 2. Deontology (Kant) Ethics of Duty (Ethical laws) Principles willed into Universal laws Treat people as ends (not means) 3. Virtues (Aristotle) Ethics of Character Pressures? External: Internal: Associations Books Self-Concept Pursuit of Accountability Openness Excellence Honesty Respecting Caring for Fairness Others Others Responsible Integrity PromiseFidelity Citizenship keeping Experiences Background Books Family Self-Concept Associations Faith 1. Standard How we should behave Measure of character More than what you “must” do Sometimes, not doing what you “want” to 2. Exercise in self-control Commitment to do what is right, good, and proper The Individual in Context Determinants of Moral Behavior Characteristics (Moral Intensity) of the Issue Social Characteristics Relationships with “others” Type of Relationships Steps towards moral behavior Recognize the moral Issue Structure of Relationships Make a Moral Judgment (establish Intent) Engage in Moral Behavior Individual Characteristics Cognitive Dissonance Situational Characteristics Level of Cognitive Moral Development Ethics Exercise Adopted with permission from http://www.Businessballs.com, copyright Alan Chapman, 2003 1. If you knew a woman who was pregnant, who had eight children already; three of whom were deaf, two who were blind, one mentally retarded, and she herself had syphilis, would you recommend that she have an abortion? 1. 2. Writing assignment…. Plagiarism * P = Policies Is it consistent with my organization's policies, procedures and guidelines? * L= Legal Is it acceptable under the applicable laws and regulations? * U = Universal Does it conform to the universal principles/values my organization has adopted? * S= Self Does it satisfy my personal definition of right, good and fair? It is time to elect the world leader, and yours is the deciding vote. Here are the facts on the three candidates: A. He associates with crooked politicians and consults with astrologers. He’s had two mistresses. He also chain smokes and drinks up to ten Martinis a day Franklin D. Roosevelt B. He was ejected from office twice, sleeps until noon, used opium in college and drinks a large amounts of whiskey every evening. Winston Churchill C. He is a decorated war hero. He's a vegetarian, doesn't smoke, drinks an occasional beer and hasn't had any extra-marital affairs. Adolph Hitler Which of these candidates would be your choice? A student asked me if she could use my name for an employment reference. She has been in two of my classes and she’s been a student aid worker with us for a rather long time and I know her well – we’re friends. She's a good person and a dependable person. But, I am very uncomfortable about giving a job reference. I do not feel she has the skills or ability to tackle the job she is seeking. I would personally never hire her for that job. That's not to say she wouldn't be great in a lot of other things. But this position is not where her strengths lie. So what do I do? Adapted From Mary V. Merrill, “Leadership and Ethics in Volunteer Management, April, 2002 A student asked me if she could use my name for an employment reference. She has been in two of my classes and she’s been a student aid worker with us for a rather long time and I know her well – we’re friends. She's a good person and a dependable person. But, I am very uncomfortable about giving a job reference. I do not feel she has the skills or ability to tackle the job she is seeking. I would personally never hire her for that job. That's not to say she wouldn't be great in a lot of other things. But this position is not where her strengths lie. So what do I do? What kind of friend and mentor would I be if I refused to give a reference? Besides, what harm is there. All I have to do is answer a few questions and keep my personal opinions to myself. But if she gets the job and fails, have I really been a friend? Do I give a reference based on the value of loyalty? Adapted From Mary V. Merrill, “Leadership and Ethics in Volunteer Management, April, 2002 A student asked me if she could use my name for an employment reference. She has been in two of my classes and she’s been a student aid worker with us for a rather long time and I know her well. She's a good What friend and mentor be very if I refused personkind and of a dependable person. would But, IIam to give a reference? what harm is there. All I uncomfortable about Besides, giving a job reference. I do not have to do is the answer fewability questions and keep my she is feel she has skillsa or to tackle the job personal Iopinions to myself.never But ifhire she her getsfor thethat job job. and seeking. would personally fails, been a friend? I give reference That'shave not Itoreally say she wouldn't be Do great in aalot of other based on the value of loyalty? things. But this position is not where her strengths lie. So what do I do? She is not a good match for this job, no matter how much she wants it. She has great strengths, but not in the areas required in this position. If I give her a recommendation and she doesn't make it on the job that reflects on me as well. If she doesn't get the job because of me she will be disappointed and discouraged. Do I not give a reference based on the value of honesty? Adapted From Mary V. Merrill, “Leadership and Ethics in Volunteer Management, April, 2002 A student asked me if she could use my name for an employment reference. She has been in two of my classes andof she’s been a student worker us for a What kind friend and mentor aid would I be with if I refused rather time and Besides, I know her well. She's a goodAll I to give long a reference? what harm is there. person a dependable person. But,and I am very have toand do is answer a few questions keep my She is not a good match foraBut this matter how uncomfortable about giving jobifjob, reference. I dojob notand personal opinions to myself. shenogets the much shehas wants Sheor has greattostrengths, feel theit. skills tackle the jobnot sheinis fails,she have I really been aability friend? Do I give abut reference the areas required in this position. If Iher give a job. seeking. would personally never hire forher that based onIthe value of loyalty? recommendation doesn't jobother that That's not to sayand sheshe wouldn't bemake greatitinona the lot of reflects on this me as well. Ifisshe getstrengths the job lie. things. But position notdoesn't where her because she will be disappointed and discouraged. So what of do me I do? Do I not give a reference based on the value of honesty? There is no "correct" answer to this dilemma. If I place a high value on honesty, the ethical response is not to give the reference and to explain my reasons fully. If I value loyalty, I may write a letter of reference carefully choosing my words to highlight her actual skills. Adapted From Mary V. Merrill, “Leadership and Ethics in Volunteer Management, April, 2002 Evidence Of Ethical Leadership 1. Sure signs that my boss (organization’s leader) exhibits ethical leadership are: 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ What do you use to measure ethicity?