Transcript 幻灯片 1
Confucianism And Economics Confucianism A Chinese ethical and philosophical system, which originally developed from the teachings of the early Chinese sage Confucius (551–479 BC). • A complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought which has had tremendous influence on the history of Chinese civilization up to the 21st century. • A proper conduct in education, government, relationships, etc. The Central Thesis Confucianism functions the way the Protestant ethics once did in Western countries, generating an inner-worldly asceticism that values and demands hard work, frugality, education, and the willing sacrifice of individual benefit for collective good —practical to make people live well. • The Confucian philosophy is built on the foundational belief that man is basically good. • Confucian disciple Mencius(孟子) further develops this, stating, "Man's nature is naturally good just as water naturally flows downward." This innate goodness could be developed through education, self-reflection, and discipline. The goal of life was to live a good moral life. • ceremony, music, archery, charioteering, writing, and mathematics Education Confucius believed that a good society would be achieved through education. • The Problem • The Assumption • The Goal: Be self-motivated, self-controlled and able to assume responsibilities. Government • Confucius taught that government should be for the people. • Merit-based Bureaucracy is institutedKeJu system • Anti-corruption Measures: • Noblesse Oblige http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblesse_oblige • The state must provide public education, set policies to care for vulnerable people, root policies in public opinions, appoint and elect capable and moral persons as public officials, and apply management principles. • This sort of public administration should lead to the harmonious state. Harmony: Less Transactions Cost • a junior in relation to their parents and elders, • a senior in relation to their children, younger siblings, students, and others. Junior Senior • Social harmony--the great goal of Confucianism-thus results from every individual knowing his or her place in the social order and playing his or her part well. Confucianism has a strong influence in China, Korea, Japan, and the countries of Southeast Asia as well as among people of Far Eastern descent living around the world. Neo-Confucian Experience in Japan History 15th Shogunate (德川庆 喜) resigned his position Boshin War January, 1868 November 9, 1867 Edo Period (Tokugawa Meiji Era Shogunate) (德川幕府) Meiji Restoration (明治维新) Policies Enrich the Nation, Strengthen the army (富国强兵) — Abolish Four Divisions of Society: Samurai, Farmers, Artisans and Merchants (士农工商) — Education: Compulsory Education — Economic: Import western technologies Single Currency Central Bank established Industrial Growth New Entrepreuers in Japan were former Samurai. Samurai turned into CEO of Zaibatsu. Why Samurai? — Deterrent of Industrialization — Radical change required Unsettled Force — Well-Educated, Noble Samurai Spirit/Patriotism - Faithful Agents of Noblesse oblige of Confucianism. • Here came the concept of Confucian Entrepreneurs (儒家商人) • Japanese and Korean media propagate the image of Confucian Entrepreneurs with Noblesse Oblige Samurai Settlement Government Business & Industry Schools at All Levels Zaibatsu Economic Development Well-Educated Future Labour Force Modern Japanese Neo-Confucian System Government Noble People Entrepreneurs (Zaibatsu) Education Society Profit Mitsubishi — One of four Zaibatsu who jointly controlled 76 percent of the total paid-in industrial capital of Japan before WWII — Established in 1970 by Yotaro Iwasaki (岩崎 弥太郎) — Meiji Era: Given Privilege Protected Zaibatsu — Now: Mitsubishi Bank Mitsubishi Corporation Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Weakness of Confucian-minded Japanese System — Self-Control System vs.. Check and Balance System — Intransperancy — Corruption Confucianism In China I History of Confucianism II The Comparison Between Traditional Confucianism and Modern New-Confucianism PART I: HISTORY OF CONFUCIANISM IN CHINA The ritual culture of Western Zhou (礼乐文化） Pre-Qin “diversification Of development” “A Hundred Schools Of Thought Contend“ “百家争鸣” Western Han dynasty “Confucianism combined With Taoism, Legalism And Yin Yang thought” In The Spring and Autumn period: Ritual + East minorities（东夷） = Confucianism (spirit: harmony but diversity)“和而不同” Xunzi(313 yrs ago-238 yrs ago) “Confucianism is the core, Law Combines with the civility” Sui, Tang, Song and Ming dynasty Sui, Tang, Song and Ming dynasty Buddhism Taoism Confucianism supplement “The Core” Buddhism implement Legalism adjust Part II The comparison • Traditional Confucianism • Modern new-Confucianism Traditional Confucianism application: i the management tool for rulers ii the moral rules of the social conduct Modern Neo-Confucianism in China I. generate: 1911 Revolution delegate: Kang Youwei II. Development in modern society: why it is popular in China nowadays? (background and reasons) According to government policy as “economic construction as the central task”(经济建设为中心） “the government allow some people to get rich first”（允许一部分人先 富起来） The Chinese economy and nation’s power improve a lot recent years BUT the fast economy development leads to : the gap between the wealth and the poor becomes larger the crime rate increases there is less trust and faith between person the young does not have clearly philosophy • The delegate of Neo-Confucianism : Tu Weiming; Li Jiacheng ?Why Chinese government emphasize neW-Confucianism Reason I Economy Developing needed To ease the negative Influences from Economy’s development Good example For others (education) Reason ii Civilization Developing needed A main part of the traditional Chinese culture Civilization industry Can gain Large profit Compare with The United states: Technology industry new-Confucianism can earn large profit as a civilization industry. Furthermore, it is helpful for communicating with other Asian countries. Question: No you agree or disagree? Although the new-Confucianism is of historical significance in Chinese economic development , it cannot be the theme in future social progress. The reason is that the central thought is Communism in China.