Transcript Flowers - Net Start Class

LEAVES
23.4
Function
 Photosynthesis
– pulling
water up from the roots
and out the leaves
 Transpiration
Structure
 Epidermis
– covered by cuticle
 Lower – contains stoma
with guard cells
 Upper
Cont.
layer – many
chloroplasts
 Mesophyll – many air
spaces
 Vascular bundle – “veins”
 Palisade
Vein
Epidermis with cuticle
Pallisade Layer
Mesophyll
Stomata
External Structures
Petiole – structure that
attached leaf to stem
 Blade – thin, flat area of leaf;
different sizes, shapes &
arrangement
 Mid rib – main vein
 Leaf margin – edge of leaf

Venation in Monocots and
Dicots
– parallel
leaf venation
 Dicots – netted
venation
 Monocots
Pop Quiz
Flowers, Fruits &
Seeds
Ch. 24
Angiosperms
reproduce using flowers.
Flowering Plants have:
Dicot
Monocot
2
3
1
3
4
2
5
1
Multiples of 3
6
5
6
8
6
4
7
Multiples of 4 or 5
Flowers
Flowers

Composed of modified leaves
 Sepals – usually green; enclose bud
 Petals – brightly colored; just inside sepals
 Stamen – male reproductive organ
 Filament - stalk
 Anther – produces pollen (male gamete)
 Carpel (pistil) – female reproductive organ
 Stigma- sticky; pollen attaches here
 Style – narrow stalk
 Ovary – contains ovules
Stamen
Anther
Filament
male part
of flower
Parts of a Typical Flower
Stigma
Pistil
Female part
of flower
(Sounds like “Pigtail”)
Style
Ovary
Parts of a Typical Flower
Plant Reproduction
Plants can reproduce asexually by
vegetative propagation.
Stems
Plantlets
Stems, plantlets and roots
can become a new plant.
Roots
Plant Reproduction
Plants can reproduce asexually by
plant propagation.
Cuttings
A “cut” from a plant can
grow roots when put in soil.
Grafting & Budding
Two plants are attached
to form one plant.
Angiosperm Life Cycle


Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther
to stigma of carpel
 Often dependent on pollinators
 Pollen grows a tube through which
sperm nuclei travel
Fertilization –
 sperm nuclei fuse with ovule inside
 produce a seed
 Ovary ripens into a fruit
Fruits – ripened ovary; type determined by
structure of ovary and ovules


Dry
 Nuts
Fleshy
 Drupes - apple
 Pomes - peach
 Berries
 Hesperidium - orange
 Pepo - cucumber
 Aggregate - raspberry
Seed Dispersal



Animal
Wind
Water
Seed Germination




Timing controlled by climate (moisture,
temperature, etc.)
Endosperm (food source) swells with
moisture and cracks open seed coat
Root emerges first
Cotyledons emerge second


Monocot – one seed leaf
Dicot – two seed leaves
Plant Growth


Controlled by hormones (auxins)
Cause “tropisms”
 Gravitropism
 Thigmotropism
 phototropism