Transcript File - Cardinal Biology

Bacteria
• 2 Kingdoms- EUBACTERIA &
ARCHAEBACTERIA
• PROKARYOTES (very small)
• UNICELLULAR
• Eubacteria classified by their shape
• Archaebacteria classified by the
habitat
Bacteria CONT.
• Most reproduce by BINARY FISSION (asexual)
• Some reproduce by CONJUGATION (sexual)
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Autotrophs – chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs
Heterotrophs- decomposers, fermentation
Some bacteria have flagella/flagellum for movement
Some have pili to help the bacteria attach
An endospore protects some bacteria from its
environment
• CELL WALL
– Archaebacteria cell wall composition varies
– Eubacteria cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Importance of Bacteria
• Fix Nitrogen
• Allow for nutrient recycling/eat oil
• Used in FOOD production
– Cheese, pickles, yogurt, etc.
• Can be used to produce HORMONES
• ANTIBIOTICS
• Produce OXYGEN=Cyanobacteria
like Abena are photosynthetic
autotrophs
Bacteria & Disease
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M. tuberculosis
C. tetani
T. pallidum
C. botulinum
E. coli
Streplococcus
Staphylococcus
Abena
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Tuberculosis
Bubonic Plague
Tetanus
Lyme Disease
Pneumonia
Some STD’s
Botulism
Strep throat
Salmonella
Gram+
Streptococcus
Causes Tooth Decay
GramE. coli
3 Bacterial Shapes
Coccus=spherical shape
Bacillus=rod shape
Diplo= bacteria arranged in pairs
Spirillum=sprial shape Staphylo= bacteria looks like
grapes
Strepto= bacteria in chains
3 Groups
• Animal-like Prostists
–Called PROTOZOANS classified by how
they move. Heterotrophs
• Plant-like Protists
–Called ALGAE classified by their
photosynthetic pigments. Autotrophs
• Fungus-like Protists
–Classified by their reproduction
heterotrophs/decomposers
METHODS OF MOVEMENT for
Protozoa (Animal Like Protists)
• Flagella
– long, whiplike structure
• Cilia
– short hairlike structures
• Pseudopods
– False feet
– Flowing extensions of cell body
METHODS OF REPRODUCTION
• Mitosis (Asexual)
–Simple division into two identical
cells (binary fission)
• Meiosis (Sexual)
–Nucleus divides by meiosis then two
paramecia exchange nuclear material
(conjugation)
DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTISTS
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium
• Potato Famine caused by water
mold
Examples
* Ameoba, algae, water molds
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General Characteristics
Eukaryotic
Most multicellular
Heterotrophic decomposers
Classified by how they reproduce
– Create spores (asexual and sexual stages)
– Budding and Fragmentation (asexual)
Structures/Adaptations
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Hyphae
Rhizoids
Mycelium
Cap
Cell wall of chitin
morels
yeast
Ringworm
Athlete’s foot
toadstools
mushrooms
puffballs
Plantae
KINGDOM
General Characteristics
• Multicellular & Eukaryotic
• Reproduce by spores (Alt. of
Generations) some by seeds
• Chlorophyll
• Autotrophic (Photosynthesis)
• Thick CELL WALL made of
CELLULOSE
Structures/Adaptations
• Roots=anchor plant
• Seeds= plant embryo
• Leaves= increase surface area for
photosynthesis
• Vascular tissues = contain xylem &
phloem to transport water and nutrients
• Flowers= attract insects for pollination
– Contain stamens (male) & pistil (female)
Classification of Plants
• Based on their reproduction & their
presents of vascular tissues
• Three Main Groups
– NonVascular NonSeed
– Vascular NonSeed
– Vascular Seed
Animalia
General Characteristics
• Multicellular & Eukaryotic
• Classified as Invertebrates (no
backbone) or Vertebrates (with a
backbone)
• Heterotrophic
–Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores,
Scavengers, Filter Feeders
Animals Continued
• Most reproduce sexually
– Internal (cats) or external fertilization (fish)
– Some are hermaphrodites (worms)
• Some have asexual means of reproduction
– Budding
– Fragmenation
– Regenergation
– Parthenogenesis
Adaptations/Structures
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Some use metaphorphosis
Fur
Feathers
Opposable thumbs
Teeth
Venom
Stingers
Exoskeleton
Scales
Gills