Transcript Bacteria

Bacteria
AKA: Monerans
Bacteria make up two of
the six kingdoms
currently recognized:
archaebacteria and
eubacteria. They come in
3 shapes: rod, sphere and
spiral.
Archaebacteria
• “ancient bacteria”
• Existed billions of years before
dinosaurs, some of earth’s
earliest life forms
• Unicellular prokaryotes that can
survive in extreme conditions
(very hot or acidic)
Eubacteria
• Do not live in extreme
conditions, but also singlecelled prokaryotes
• Found EVERYWHERE, such
as all over your skin and inside
your mouth
Reproduction in bacteria
• Reproduce quickly in favorable
conditions
• Asexual reproduction (one parent
involved)
–Binary fission-genetic material
duplicates and cell divides to form
two identical cells
• Sexual reproduction (two parents
combine genetic material)
–Conjugation-one bacterium transfers
genetic material to another bacterial
cell through a long, threadlike bridge
• Cells now have new combinations of
genetic material
• When they divide by binary fission, new
genetic material is passed and offspring
are genetically different from parent
• See p. 196 in your book
Obtaining food…
• Many move using flagella (long, whiplike
tail)
• Bacteria may be autotrophs or
heterotrophs
• Autotrophs
– Photosynthesis
– Energy from chemicals around them
• Heterotrophs
– Consuming a variety of foods
– Decomposing
Endospores
• Formed when conditions are not
favorable for growth
• Small, round, thick-walled resting cell
that forms inside a bacterial cell
• Contains genetic material and
cytoplasm
• Opens up when conditions are
favorable
Bacteria in the Environment
• Assist in production of natural gas
• Used to make foods such as
cheese, yogurt, soy sauce and
pickles
• “nature’s recyclers”
• Environmental clean-up
• Cause disease such as strep throat
and food poisoning