Transcript Kinds of Seedless Vascular Plants

Chapter 23
Introduction to Plants
Section 1: Adaptations of Plants
Section 2: Kinds of Plants
Section 3: Plants in Our Lives
Section 1
Adaptations of Plants
Objectives:
•Summarize how plants are adapted to living on
land.
•Distinguish nonvascular plants from vascular plants.
•Relate the success of plants on land to seeds and
flowers.
•Describe the basic structure of a vascular plant
sporophyte.
Section 1
Adaptations of Plants
Establishment of Plants on Land
•Absorbing Nutrients To survive on land, plants
evolved the ability to absorb mineral nutrients from
the soil.
•Preventing Water Loss To survive on land, plants
evolved a waxy outer covering called a cuticle, and
stomata for gas exchange, to prevent their bodies
from drying out.
•Reproducing on Land To survive on land, plants
use pollen to reproduce without water and transmit
male gametes.
Section 1
Adaptations of Plants
Vascular Tissue, Seeds, and Flowers
•Advantages of Conducting Tissue Vascular plants
have a system of well-developed tissues that transport
water within a plant.
•Advantages of Seeds Seeds protect and nourish a
plant’s embryo, disperse the offspring, and delay the
growth of the embryo until conditions are favorable.
•Advantages of Flowers Flowers make reproduction
more efficient by promoting pollination.
Section 1
Adaptations of Plants
Plant Life Cycles
•The Vascular-Plant Sporophyte The sporophytes
of vascular plants have a vascular system. Their
bodies consist of an aboveground shoot and an
underground root.
Section 2
Kinds of Plants
Objectives:
•Describe the key features of the four major groups
of plants.
•Classify plants into one of the 12 phyla of living
plants.
Section 2
Kinds of Plants
Nonvascular Plants
•Key Features of Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular
plants are small and lack vascular tissue.
•Kinds of Nonvascular Plants. Mosses, liverworts,
and hornworts are nonvascular plants.
Section 2
Kinds of Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
•Key Features of Seedless Vascular Plants Seedless
vascular plants produce spores with thickened walls
that prevent them from drying out.
•Kinds of Seedless Vascular Plants Ferns, club
mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless
vascular plants.
Section 2
Kinds of Plants
Gymnosperms
•Key Features of Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are
seed plants that produce cones.
•Kinds of Gymnosperms Conifers, cycads,
ginkgoes, and gnetophytes are gymnosperms.
Section 2
Kinds of Plants
Angiosperms
•Key Features of Angiosperms Angiosperms are
seed plants that produce flowers and fruits.
•Kinds of Angiosperms The angiosperms are
classified as either monocots or dicots. Examples of
monocots include Iridaceae (irises), Liliaceae(lilies)
and Poaceae (grass). Examples of dicots include
Asteraceae (composite), Brassicaceae (mustard),
Fabaceae (legume), Rosaceae (rose), and Solanaceae
(nightshade).
Section 3
Plants in our Lives
Objectives:
•Identify foods that come from plants and their
dietary importance.
•Describe several ways that wood is used.
•Explain how plants are used to treat human
ailments.
•Identify plants that are used to make paper and
cloth.
Section 3
Plants in our Lives
Plants as Food
•Fruits and Vegetables All types of plant parts—
roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds—
provide food for humans.
•Root Crops Root crops, such as potatoes, grow
underground.
•Legumes Legumes, such as peas, produce proteinrich seeds in long pods.
Section 3
Plants in our Lives
Cereals
•Wheat For more than one-third of the world’s
population, wheat is the primary source of food.
•Corn Corn is the most widely cultivated crop in the
United States.
•Rice For more than half of the people in the world,
rice is the main part of every meal.
Section 3
Plants in our Lives
Nonfood Uses of Plants
•Wood Wood is a source of wood pulp used for
making paper, lumber used for building materials,
and fuel.
•Medicines Many important medicines are currently
made from plants or were originally derived from
plants.
•Fibers Plant fibers are used to make paper, cloth,
and rope. The most important sources of plant fibers
are wood and cotton.