Transcript Land Plants
What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of ligninreinforced cells. Which group of plants is the first group of plants with ligninhardened vascular tissue? Which group of plants is the latest group to appear in the history of plants? What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? Bark Cuticle Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Seeds – prevent drying out. Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Roots Vascular Tissue Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of ligninreinforced cells. Vascular system – distributes water Lignin – helps plants stand upright. Origin of Plants Land plants came from Green Algae A plant is a multicellular autotroph in which the embryo develops within the female parent. Challenges to Life on Land Resources Algae - surrounding water Plants - air and soil Roots Anchor plant Absorb water and Minerals Shoots – Support, photosynthesis Leaves Vascular tissue Xylem - water Phloem – organic compounds Woody tissue (xylem) Do Now: Copy this Chart Land Plants Problem Solution(s) cuticle Not in water – can’t disperse No water to hold up plant Need to be anchored Need to obtain water Stomata Maintaining Moisture Cuticle – waxy coating on the leaves – helps retain water. Stomata - are microscopic pores in the leaf's surface. Spores and Seeds Spore Haploid Light weight Seed Seed coat Endosperm (nourishment) Alternation of Generations Sporophyte (spore producing) diploid stage and a gametophyte haploid stage. Nonvascular plants Gametophyte is dominant Vascular plants Sporophyte is dominant Bryophytes, Pterophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Structure Example Reproduction Vascular or Nonvascular? Seeds or Seedless? Bryophytes Nonvascular Lack True leaves and roots Have “roots” called rhizoids Need water to reproduce Pterphyta (Ferns) Vascular plant (tracheophytes) Seedless (produce spores) Need water to reproduce Lignin Fronds Fiddleheads Seed Plants Greater success Germinate in the right conditions (embryo grows into a seedling) Gymnosperms Vascular Seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (in a cone). Phylum Coniferophyta – most common gymnosperms. Gymnosperms Adaptations: Small gametophyte (haploid) generation Pollen Seed – (embryo + food) Picture 1: Why does the celery turn red? Picture 2: What are the red dots on the celery? Angiosperms Flowering plants Eggs/Seeds enclosed by an ovary Moncot vs. Dicot Embryo Moncots - 1 cotyledon Dicots – 2 cotyledons Moncot vs. Dicot Leaves Monocots – parallel veins Dicots – net venation Moncot vs. Dicot Stems Monocot- scattered vascular bundles Dicot- Radially arranged Grass Sunflower Magnolia Corn Day Lily