Transcript Plant Classification

Plant Classification
2 Main Categories
Vascular Plants
Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular Plants
• Nonvascular plants do not have tube-like
structures that transports water from roots to
stems and leaves
– Mosses- have small root-like structures called
rhizoids
– Liverworts- look similar to mosses but leaves are
arranged differently
Mosses
Liverworts
Vascular Plants
• Vascular plants have tubular structures that
provide stability and transportation for
nutrients
– Seedless Vascular Plants
• Horsetails- have underground stems called rhizomes
• Club mosses- look like small evergreens
• Ferns- grow from rhizomes and have fronds
– Fronds- leafy branches of the fern
– Fiddle-head- coiled up frond
Horsetails
Club mosses
Ferns
Seed-Bearing Vascular Plants
• Seeds contain the embryo- newly forming
plant
• 2 Groups– Angiosperms- flowering seed-bearing plants
– Gymnosperms- seed-bearing plants that do not
flower
• most have cones that contain the seed
Gymnosperm
• Organized into 4 smaller groups
– 1. Cycads look like palm trees, but they have
cones
– 2. Ginkgoes have flat fanned leaves
– 3. Gnetophytes found in hot dry deserts or
tropical rain forests
– 4. Conifers the largest group of Gymnosperms
• They have cones
• They are the evergreens
Conifers
• Pine trees– Needles are grouped in bundles
– Produces resin which is used to make
• Tar, turpentine, ink, paint, adhesive, rosin (for use with
violins)
Pine Trees
Conifers
– Firs and Spruce
• Needles are directly attached to the branches
• Firs– Cones stand upright and needles are flat and flexible
– Used to make pencils and plywood
• Spruce
– Cones hang down and needles are stiff and prickly
– Used to make canoes, furniture, musical instruments and
paper
Firs
Spruce
Angiosperms
• Angiosperms are flowering seed-bearing
plants
– The flowers produce seeds protected by an outer
coating (they do not have a hard cone to protect
them like Gymnosperms)
– Angiosperm trees usually have wide, flat leaves
• They are called broad leaved trees
Angiosperms-Growing Seasons
• Angiosperms can be classified by their
growing season:
• Annuals
• Biennial
• Perenials
– Annuals live for only 1 growing season
– Biennial needs 2 growing seasons to fully develop
• The rest in the winter the flower, produce seeds and
dies the next year
– Perennial can live for 3 or more years.
Annuals
• Annuals live for only 1 growing season
– Include marigolds, tomatoes and sunflowers
Biennials
• Biennial needs 2 growing seasons to fully
develop
– The rest in the winter the flower, produce seeds
and dies the next year
– Include carrots, cabbage,
Parsley and foxglove
Perennials
• Perennial can live for 3 or more years.
– They grow, flower and produce seeds year after
year
– Include roses, oak trees, carnations, and
spearmint
Classifying Angiosperms by Seed
Structure
• Seed Structure
– Cotyledons tiny seed leaves of a plant embryo
used to nourish a plant until it can undergo
photosynthesis
• Dicotyledons- also called dicots- have 2 seed leaves
• Monocotyledons- also called monocots- have 1 seed
leaf
DICOTS
• Most angiosperms are dicots
– They have a inner tube-like structure that is
arranged in rings (their vascular tissue)
– They have a taproot system- one large thick root
with
– Woody stems
– Branching veins
– Petals are arranged in groups of 4 or 5
MONOCOTS
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•
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•
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Have one seed leaf
Vascular tissue is randomly scattered
They have a fibrous root system
They have parallel veins
Petals are usually arranged in groups of 3