Transcript Types of plants

Plant Vocabulary
Define
1. Photosynthesis
2. Eukaryotic
3. Monocot
4. Dicot
5. Cotyledon
6. Roots
7. Stems
8. Leaves
9. Xylem
10. Phloem
11. Capillary action
12. Meristem
13. Apical meristem
14. Vascular Cambium
15. Gymnosperm
16. Angiosperm
17. Female cone
18. Male cone
19. Stamen
20. Carpel
21. Sepal
22. Petal
23. Stigma
24. Style
25. Ovary
26. Filament
27. Anther
28. Pollinator
29. Seed coat
30. Fruits
Plants
What makes a plant a plant?
Plants are Eukaryotic.
Plants have cell walls.
Plants make their own energy
through photosynthesis
What other characteristics can you
recall?
What plants need to
survive
1. Sunlight
2. Water
3. CO2 & Oxygen
4. Nutrient and water movement
Early Plants
All early plants were heavily dependent on water
Photosynthetic bacteria - as early
as 1.5 BYA
(billion years ago)
Algae – around 750 MYA
to 1 BYA
(million years ago)
Mosses and ferns
Earliest relatives
Cooksonia – 470 MYA
Plant Distribution
Flowering
Plants
235,000
250,000
200,000
Mosses
15,600
150,000
100,000
Ferns
11,000
50,000
0
1st Qtr
Cone
Bearing
Plants 760
Plant Essay:
Think of your everyday activities.
Discuss the importance plants
have on your daily life. In 4 to 6
paragraphs elaborate (give
details) on 5 examples of how
plants impact all of those
activities.
Types of plants
I. Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes):
- lack tissue to move water and sap
throughout the plant
- small, short plants that most live in
moist environment
(mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Types of planTs (conT’d)
II. Vascular Plants (3 Subdivisions):
1. Seedless Vascular (ferns, horsetails,
clubmosses)
- sperm travels in water to reach egg
2. Naked Seed Vascular called Gymnosperms
(Conifers, cycads, ginkos)
- Male cones release pollen in the spring, which is
spread by the wind
- Female cones release sticky fluid to capture pollen
- Overtime, pollen burrows into female cone’s ovule to
reach & fertilize egg
- Eventually cone falls and turns into conifer tree
Gymnosperm Reproduction
Gymnosperms have both male and female
cones
Male cones – usually found at
the highest parts of the tree.
Contain pollen that is carried by
wind to female cones
Female cones – usually found
lower on the tree than male cones.
Will open to take in pollen then
close tightly for germination, then
open again to release the seeds
Types of planTs (conT’d)
II. Vascular Plants (3 Subdivisions):
c. Protected Seed Vascular called Angiosperms
(Flowering plants, grasses, deciduous trees)
- Angiosperms are seperated into 2 categories
Monocotyledons (seeds which create 1 leaf when
sprouting & Dicotyledons (seeds which create 2
leaves when sprouting)
- Flower grows to attract pollinators & house
the ovule with eggs inside as well as holding
sperm that will release pollen
- Once eggs are fertilized the ovule becomes
fruit which protects the seeds
Flowering Plants
Two different Types:
Monocots and Dicots
1. Monocot Characteristics
Single Cotyledon – a seed that
creates a single leaf at sprouting
Leaves with parallel veins
Flower parts in multiples of three (3)
Vascular tissue throughout the stem
Fiberous root system
Monocots are usually “grassy” plants
Examples : Corn, Bamboo,
Sugar Cane, and grass.
2. Dicot Characteristics
Two cotyledons
Leaves with branched veins
Flower parts in multiples of four (4)
or five (5)
Vascular tissue in a ring in the stem
Tap root systems
Dicots are usually non-grassy
with branching stems which may
be woody
Examples : Most trees, roses,
daisies,
Comparative Characteristics.
Another view of the seeds of
Monocots and Dicots
Plant Type Questions
1. What is a gymnosperm? Angiosperm?
2. Define Xylem and Phloem.
3. Differentiate nonvascular and vascular
plant.
4. Why most nonvascular plants live so close
to water?
5. Why most seedless vascular plants live so
close to water?
Plants are able to perform a variety of functions due to their specialized
cells and tissues. Use resources available to you to fill in the table below.
Cell / Tissue Type
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Dermal Tissues
Vascular Tissues
Ground Tissues
Meristematic Tissues
Characteristics /
Structure
Functions
Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Seed plants generally have three structures
Roots - a system for
absorbing dissolved
nutrients and water,
and anchoring.
Stems - a structure used to
support the body of
the plant, and store
sugar.
Leaves - the main
photosynthetic region
of the plant.
How does a plant get water and
nutrients around in the plant?
Xylem Tissue - cells that
make hollow tubes
that are water-proof
and allow water to
rise in a plant
(capillary action)
Phloem Tissue - cells that
form tubes that allow
foods and minerals
to move in the plant
Xylem
Phloem
How do plants grow?
Meristematic Tissue - tissue that
allows the plant to grow
up, down, or out.
Apical Meristem
Root
tip
- the meristematic tissue that
allows growth at the tips of the
root and the tips of the branch
Bundles in a non-woody
Vascular Cambium
plant
-meristematic tissue in the
outer layer of the stem/trunk
that allows growth outward
(thicker)
Angiosperm Flower Parts
(Complete flower)
Complete flowers have four
parts.
1. Stamen – male part
anther and filament
2. Carpel (pistil) –female part
stigma, style and ovary
3. Sepals – protection for
flower during development
4. Petals – protection for flower
as well as attracting
pollinators
The Stamen have a stalk
(filament) that is tipped
with a pad (anther)
covered in pollen grains
that are barbed, or sticky.
The Carpel is “vaseshaped” with a ovary filled
with waiting seeds, a long
stalk (style), and a sticky
top (stigma).
Creation of a seed
1. When a pollen
grain reaches the
stigma, it sticks
and begins to
grow a “root”.
2. The root of the
pollen continues
down the style
until it reaches the
ovary.
3. When it reaches
the seed, it fuses
with it and creates
a fertilized seed.
Fruits are used to
protect the seed,
and also to get
animals to eat the
seed for dispersal
elsewhere.
Once the Dicot seed is planted, it follows a
very specific process.
1. It opens the seed coat
and releases it’s
embryonic root and stem
2. Upon emerging
from the ground, the
cotyledons open and
the first leaves
appear.
3. Meristematic
tissue continues
development past
the first pair of
leaves (both roots
and stems)
1.
2.
3.
Monocots follow the same three
steps.
1.
2.
3.