Transcript userfiles/141/my files/ch 8 sec 4x?id=3619

US History
Chapter 8 Section 4
Peace without Victory
Main Idea
• The Allies determined the terms for peace in
the post-war world
Reading Focus
• What was President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
plan for peace?
• What was resolved at the Paris Peace
Conference?
• Why did congress fight over the treaty?
• What was the impact of World War I on the
United States and the world?
Causes of World War I
Review
Militarism
 European nations
engaged in massive
military buildup
Allainces
 European countries
form partnerships
to protect
themselves
European Tensions
Rising caused by
Imperialism
 Rival empires seek
to keep power
Where is the
“A” in ???
Nationalism
 People feel loyalty
and devotion to
their country or
culture
The Fourteen Points
 As war ended, its effects were devastating to all countries involved
and President Wilson wanted to ensure a war like this never
happened again
 Wilson’s plan for world peace was outlined in Fourteen Points
Points 1-4
Open diplomacy,
freedom of seas,
removal of trade
barriers,
reduction
of military arms
Point 5
A fair system to
resolve disputes
over colonies
Point 6-13
Point 14
Self-Determinationright of people to
decide own political
status
Establishment of
League of Nations
Open diplomacy,
freedom of seas,
removal of trade
barriers, reduction
of military arms
A fair system to
resolve disputes
over colonies
Self-Determinationright of people to
decide own political
status
Establishment of
League of Nations
“ What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe
to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every
peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its
own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of
justice and fair dealing by other peoples of the world as
against force and selfish aggression”
-- President Woodrow Wilson,
Fourteen Points Speech, 1918
The Paris Peace Conference
 January 1919- President Wilson (despite criticism) felt it was his moral duty to
be involved with peace negotiations
 January 12, 1919: Members from 32 nations attended conference but it was
dominated by the “Big Four”
> U.S.- Woodrow Wilson
> Great Britain- David Lloyd George
> France- Georges Clemenceau > Italy- Vittorio Orlando
 Conflicting needs- Delegates to the conference had different
desires and expected outcomes
* Vison of world peace
* Severe punishment of Germany
* Reduction of weapons
* countries seeking independence
* Reestablishment of nations
“ The conduct of Germany is almost unexampled in human
history. The terrible responsibility which lies at her doors
can be seen in the fact that not less than 7 million dead lie
buried in Europe, while more than 20 million others carry
upon them the evidence of wounds and sufferings,
because Germany saw fit to gratify her desire for tyranny
by resort to war”
-- Georges Clemenceau, France Prime
Minister
The Treaty of Versailles
 Allies eventually agreed and presented their terms to Germany
 Treaty was much harsher that what Woodrow Wilson had wished
> Germany to disarm
> Payment of War Reparations
> Germany to accept sole responsibility for starting war
 The treaty did include some of Wilson’s 14 points:
> Would establish a League of Nations
>Some ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary and Russia would get
right of self-determination
> Nine new nations created
Germany Response
 Germany protested
the terms because
they thought they
were too harsh
 France threatens to
use military action
 Germany agrees and
signs treaty on June
28, 1919
United States Response to Treaty
 President Wilson returns from Paris Peace Conference and
presents plan to his republican controlled senate
Congressional Response to Treaty Provisions
Democrats on
board with total
support and
immediate
ratification
Irreconcilablesthose who
urged outright
rejection of U.S.
participation of
US involvement
in League of
Nations
3 groups
Reservationiststhose who would
ratify the treaty only
if changes were made
(authority to use
military power to
carry out League’s
decisions)
Wilson takes his case to American People- “Inside Story”
Wilson not willing
to compromise
Congress to Wilson
 November 1919- Senator Henry Cabot Lodge presents treaty to
U.S. Senate for ratification with list of 14 reservations (concerns)
to original treaty
 Wilson is unwilling to compromise and Wilson instructs Senate to
reject Lodge’s revised treaty
 After Wilson leaves office in 1921- US signs separate peace
agreements with Germany, Austria, and Hungary
 The United States never joins the League of Nations
14 points
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJ-T-Z4oEc
Impact of World War I
Political Impact
Economic Impact
Social Impact
Overthrow of
Monarchs in Russia,
Austria-Hungary,
Germany, Ottoman
Empire
Devastated European Millions of women
economies of
drawn into workcountries at war
service contributed
to passage of 19th
amendment
European nations
had lost a whole
generation of men
Rise of power of
Bolsheviks
United States
became world’s
leading economic
power
France took the
hardest hit (most
combat took place
there)
Fanned the flames of
revolts against
colonialism in Middle
East and in SE Asia
Farmers- Postwar
Migrations led to
needs decreased and population patterns
no longer need to
buy food
The war had
encouraged many
African-Americans to
migrate north for
jobs (race tensions)
Impact in Europe
Great Britain deeply
in debt to United
States
War Reparations on
Germany crippled
their economy