Transcript 3-3 Digestion, GERD, Ulcers, Lactose Intolerance

Good News – Bad News
Digestive System – a.k.a. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Propelling and Mixing by Peristalsis
Videos:
3D Animation (silent)
Sm. I. (see through)
Inside stomach
Additions…
Mouth
amylase
Esophagus
Stomach
Pepsin
HCl
Mucus
Instrinsic factor
Small Intestine (Sm. I.)
Bile from liver
Enzymes from pancreas
Amylases
Proteases
Lipases
Large Intestine (Lg. I.)
Gastric Secretions (4):
HCl acid
Pepsinogen
Mucus
Intrinsic factor
H. pylori
Stomach
Ulcer
Video:
Endoscopy
reveals ulcer
Sphincters
Def…
LES – Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Function…
Pyloric Sphincter
Function…
There are others.
Small Intestine
Villi
How Long???
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
30 min-4 hrs.
Small Intestine (Sm. I.)
3-10 hrs
Large Intestine (Lg. I.)
24-72 hrs.
Video: Colonoscopy with polypectomy
GERD
KRISTEN HEBERT
What is GERD?
GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
When acid from the stomach is allowed to travel
backwards into the esophagus
Due to a weak or malfunctioning Lower
Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
This causes irritation and damage to the
esophagus
Symptoms
Frequent heartburn
Often worsens after lying down
Bitter taste in the mouth
Vomit Breath
Sore throat
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Feeling of a lump in your throat
Dry cough
What often triggers GERD?
Diet Choices: Peppermint, fried or fatty foods, spicy foods,
coffee, chocolate and alcohol
Cigarette smoking
Obesity
Pregnancy
Lying down immediately after eating
Conditions such as Hiatal Hernia and
delayed stomach emptying
Why is it a problem?
Esophagitis
Narrowing of the esophagus (Esophageal stricture)
Hoarseness and vocal problems
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
Tooth decay
Ulcers in the esophagus
Higher chance of esophageal cancer
Reduced quality of life
Ulcers
Stricture
Cancer
Tooth Decay
How is it diagnosed?
Symptoms
Barium Swallow x-ray
Endoscopy
pH monitoring
If video does not work, click here.
How to manage GERD
Medications
◦ Antacids
◦ H2 Blockers
◦ Proton pump inhibitors
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat smaller meals and avoid foods that trigger heartburn
Elevate the head of your bed
Don’t lie down immediately after meals
Avoid smoking
Extreme cases- surgery to improve lower esophageal
sphincter
Works Cited
http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/gerd/basics/definition/con-20025201
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20496029,00.html
Food allergies
(“food hypersensitivity”)
Definition: abnormal response to
food triggered by immune system
8
1
2
5
3
6
Top 8= 90% of reactions
Dairy
Eggs
Peanuts
Tree nuts
Fish
Shell fish
Soy
Wheat
7
4
• 1/3 people either have a food allergy or
modify fam. diet
Can be
• More likely if in family
outgrown!!
• Affects 6-8% of children
• About 4% adults
• Can be life threatening →Anaphylactic shock
If you are allergic to:
Birch pollen
Ragweed pollen
Grasses
Mugwort pollen
You may also have
a reaction to:
Apples
Carrots
Celery
Hazelnuts
Peaches
Pears
Raw potatoes
Bananas
Melons
(cantaloupe,
honeydew and
watermelon)
Melons
(cantaloupe,
honeydew and
watermelon)
Orange
Peanut
Tomatoes
White potato
Apples
Bell pepper
Carrots
Celery
Garlic
Onion
Some spices
(caraway seeds,
parsley, coriander,
anise seeds, fennel
seeds)
Treatment:
-Avoid the food!!
-Read your food label/ingredients!
*In Emergencies: Epipens*
Sites Used..
• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq20058538
• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/basics/definition/con-20019293
• http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/food-allergy-intolerances
•
http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/epinephrine-injection-route/proper-use/drg-20072429
•
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/in-depth/food-allergies/art-20045949
Lactose Intolerance
• Lack of lactase allows lactose to reach large
intestine (colon) undigested.
• Bacteria “feast” on lactose producing acids and
gasses  bloating, cramping, gas, diarrhea, etc.
• If you avoid all dairy your diet is likely to be
deficient in calcium and possibly vit. D
Living with Lactose Intolerance
1) Purchase lactose free dairy products.
2) Make it part of a larger meal.
3) Spread out your dairy intake over several meals.
4) Take lactase tablets 30 minutes prior.
5) Use alternate sources to avoid calcium deficiencies.
Alternative sources of calcium
•
Spinach
•
canned salmon
•
sardines with bones
•
calcium-fortified orange juice,
•
raw broccoli
•
canned white tuna
•
calcium-fortified soy milk
•
Dark green leafy vegetables
•
Almonds
Lactose Intolerance vs. Milk Allergy
Know the difference
Q&A