Transcript Kiros_AfricaRISING presentation at the National Dialogue_Kiros3

Sustainable tree-crop-livestock intensification
as a pillar for the Ethiopian climate resilient
green economy initiative –
ICRAF led project funded by USAID
Aster G/Kirstos (PhD) and Kiros Meles Hadgu (PhD)
Presented at National Dialog On Sustainable Agricultural
Intensification and its role on the CRGE
23-24 July, ILRI, Ethiopia
Content
Major Development challenges
Overcoming the challenges?
Role of ICRAF (in relation to other partners)
Preliminary project outputs
Key questions for discussion
Major Development Challenges
- High Degradation
- Climate change/variability
- Population pressure
-Increasing food and energy demand
5000
Cereal Yields by Region
4500
4000
East Asia
Kg per Hectare
3500
Latin America
3000
2500
2000
South Asia
1500
1000
Sub-Saharan Africa
500
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
World Bank World Development Indicators
Source: Dennis Garrity, ICRAF
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2500
Fertilizer Use by Region
East
Asia
100 grams per Hectare
2000
1500
South Asia
1000
Latin America
500
Sub-Saharan Africa
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
World Bank World Development Indicators
Source: Dennis Garrity, ICRAF
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Overcoming the challenges
Can agroforestry contribute to overcome some of the
challenges of Ethiopian development? YES!
•Sustainable intensification of mixed tree-crop-livestock
systems on farms and within farming landscapes can
reverse land degradation, and improve crop productivity,
livestock feed availability and food security (Garrity et al.,
2010).
Overcoming the challenges (Cont’d)
Ethiopian government initative
• The Ethiopian Government has launched innovative
approaches that include a “Climate Resilient Green
Economy” (CRG 2012).
• Faidherbia Program (to establish 100 million
Faidherbia albida trees on cereal cropland during the
next four years).
• Reforestation of 15 million hectares of land (on farm
& communal land)
Role of ICRAF
•
ICRAF to be deeply engaged in supporting the CRGE
(underpinning the government’s programs on
watershed management and agroforestry).
• ICRAF led Africa Rising early win project
Sustainable tree-crop-livestock intensification as a
pillar for the Ethiopian CRGE in collaboration
with ILRI, EAIR and MU
Major Objectives of the project
•
To document local knowledge about integrating
trees in fields, farms and landscapes
• Best bet tree species and management options
identified
• Needs for development of the tree seed and
seedling supply sector assessed
• Effective partnerships for promoting tree-croplivestock integration to underpin the climate
resilient green economy initiative established (the
purpose of this dialogue)
Preliminary results on local knowledge
Major successes and challenges in Arsi (Bekoji)
What does the current system look like?
 Eucalyptus is the dominant tree species in the
system
 Native tree cover (both in forest and as AF) has
been continuously declining
 Loss of soil is apparent in many locations within
the landscapes
Preliminary results on local knowledge (Cont‘d)
What do farmers know and explain well?
 Major causes for loss of tree cover
 Expansion of agriculture (crop & livestock), un-
sustainable use of different uses of forest products
(e.g., fire wood)
Preliminary results on local knowledge (Cont‘d)
Major challenges: Especially AF species (Bekoji)
•
•
•
Free grazing (livestock damage seedlings)
Lack of seedlings of appropriate species
Slow growth rate of native species (which are
good as AF species
Preliminary results on local knowledge (Cont‘d)
Major successes and challenges in Tigray (Abreha Atsibha)
What does the current system look like?
 Improved vegetation cover
 decrease sediment deposition
 increase water infiltration
Preliminary results on local knowledge (Cont‘d)
What does the current system look like?
 improve land stabilization
 improve fertility of the soil
 production of grasses for fodder/livestock
Cut and Carry livestock feeding
Tree seed and seedling supply sector (in Tigray)
Major challenges: Especially AF species (Abreha Atsibha)
•
•
Lack of seedlings of appropriate tree species
Slow growth rate of native species
Tree Seed and Seeding supply
Mean tree seed distribution by FRC from
(2006/07-2010/11): top ten
Mean
Potential
qauntity number of
of seeds seedlings
Scientific name
dist. (kg) produced
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
515.3 450,270,952
Casuarina equisetifolia
226.4 120,976,035
Eucalyptus globulus
179.7 50,607,540
Cupressus lusitanica
411.4 43,988,449
Eucalyptus saligna
83.1 43,572,735
Sesbania aculeata
383 22,731,571
Acacia saligna
447.5 21,986,737
Eucalyptus citriodora
149.3 20,790,393
Acacia decurrens
258.2 15,736,872
Eucalyptus grandis
11.5 15,148,622
Species
Tree Seed and Seeding supply (Cont‘d)
Major tree and shrub species planted in Arsi
Highlands
•
Chamaecytisus palmensis
• Eucalyptus globulus
• Cupressus lusitanica
• Sesbania sp
• Acacia decurrens
• A. melanoxylon
• Grevillea robusta
• Casuarina equisetifolia
• Dovyalis caffra
• Juniperus procera
Key Discussion points
What should be done to make the tree-croplivestock intensification strong enough to support
the green economy initiatives and other multiple
roles?
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–
–
–
–
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Policy (e.g., creating synergy among policies)
Research & development (Priorities)
Extension and advocacy
Capacity building
Partnership and networking
Market and Gender
Points for reflection Open Grazing management and
post planting management plan..
•
•
•
•
There is massive tree planting initative that
should be commended and what are the
measures taken to ensure its success
Open access grazing management system
(What are the experiences in different regions)
Maintenance and care after seedling plantation
Planting the right trees (based on farmers
preference and ecological suitability)
Sustainable Agricultural
intensification
•
•
The need to creating synergy among
disciplines and scientist from crop, tree
livestock etc (unfortunately this is seldom the
case)
Would it be successful without integrating
other measures like family planning, education
(women), technology development, nutrtional
change, etc?
Is Crop livestock intensification
similar to Agricultural intensification
•Can
we talk about sustainable agricultural
Intensification with out considering tree as
integral part of the system
•Often
time crop scientist considr trees on
farmlands undesirable ...what is your say on this
How to promote/scale up successful
initatives and practices among
regions
THANK YOU!